pest control compounds targeting insect chemoreceptors another silent spring 2017 martin n. andersson参考.pdf

该【pest control compounds targeting insect chemoreceptors another silent spring 2017 martin n. andersson参考 】是由【小舍儿】上传分享，文档一共【6】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【pest control compounds targeting insect chemoreceptors another silent spring 2017 martin n. andersson参考 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。PERSPECTIVEpublished:13February2017doi:.00005poundsTargetingInsectChemoreceptors:AnotherSilentSpring?,3*1DepartmentofBiology,LundUniversity,Lund,Sweden,2NewZealandInstituteforPlantandFoodResearch,Auckland,NewZealand,3SchoolofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofAuckland,Auckland,NewZealandpoundsthatin??,-?rstofthisclasspounds,VUAA1,outliningthatitshighlybroadrangeofpotentialinsecttargetswouldleadtomanyoftheissuesassociatedwithbroad-:poundsandapproachestargetingtherelativelylessconservedcarbonSharonRoseHill,plexand?nallyhighlytunedreceptorstoconcludethatfocusingonSciences,Swedenspecies-speci?cpheromonereceptorswouldresultinfewerpotentialoff-:EzioPeri,Keywords:insectchemoreceptor,VUAA1,Off-targeteffectsUniversityofPalermo,ItalyMarceloGustavoLorenzo,OswaldoCruzFoundation,BrazilINTRODUCTION*Correspondence:.******@,inpartthroughtheuseofthemorerecentlyemployedneonicotinoidinsecticides(Kessleretal.,2015;Rundl?fetal.,2015),andtherapidSpecialtysection:uncontrolledspreadofZikavirusbymosquitoes(Bogochetal.,2016),highlightthatthishighThisarticlewassubmittedtostakesbattlecontinuestorageon,withthebeeexampleremindingusoftheneedtominimizenon-ChemicalEcology,?:poundsoreventuallybystructure-Accepted:27January2017guideddesign,:13February2017wasrecentlyhighlightedbytheannualhorizonscanofglobalconservationissuesasatopicofCitation:concernfortheyear(Sutherlandetal.,2015).Unfortunately,thepublicationcouldonlya?ordabRDparagraphoflittleover200wordstodiscusstheprosandconsoftheapproachandfocusedmainly(2017)poundsTargetingInsectChemoreceptors:,AnotherSilentSpring?:?eldanddiscusshowtheapproachmightbebestpursued,highlightingbothpossibledoi:.|ruary2017|Volume5|Article5bPestControlTargetingInsectChemoreceptorsTARGETINGTHEGENERALINSECTontheinsectsenseofsmell,andthusbehavior,,Orcohasbeenshowntobepresentinthetestesandspermatozoaofinsects,withOrcoagonistsandOlfactionisanimportantsenseforinsects,usedforeverythingantagonistsa?ecting?agellabeatingandthusthemovementoffrom?ndingfood,potentialmatesandovipositionsitesthroughmosquitospermatozoa(Pittsetal.,2014).,plexreproduction,andbydisruptingmultipleaspectsoftheinsectlifeea“language”thatbindssocialcyclecouldpotentiallybeverye?(Ayasseetal.,2001).Ininsects,olfactionismediatedlargelybyanexpansivefamilyofdedicatedodorantreceptorsRisksofOff-TargetEffects(ORs).plexeswiththeobligateco-poundstargetingOrcohavemercialvalue,?ectsonnon-targetinsectsasbroad-ligand-bindingORsprovidespeci?cityfordi?erentodorants,spectruminsecticidesduetotheevolutionaryconservationofwhereastheco-(reviewedinCarraheretal.,tobereleasedoverlargeareasformanagementofagricultural2015).Thus,Orcoispresentinallolfactorysensoryneuronspestsorindiseasevectorexterminationprograms,theywouldthatexpressanodor-,theodor-bindingmostlikelya?ectthemajorityofinsectsinthatarea,aswellasORsarehighlydivergentacrossinsects,?cialinsectsinfarmland,sequenceandodorspeci?city,Orcoisevolutionaryconservedurban,ornaturalecosystems,suchashoneybeesortheirwildand,therefore,likelyhasthesamefunctionacrossinsects(seerelativesmaylikewisebeimpacted,a?ectingpollinationandHanssonandStensmyr,2011,al.,2015fortheabilityofinsectpredatorsandparasitoidstolocatepreyreviews).Theidenti?cationofORsfromthegenomesandandhosts,?ectscouldalsopotentiallyspreadtranscriptomesofinsectspeciesandtherecentdevelopmentviafoodchainstovertebrates,suchasinsectivorousbirds,ofhigh-throughputcell-basedassaysallowingORscreeningmammals,amphibians,reptiles,and?(s)?rstoftheseapplicationinthe?-scaleapplicationinmodi?edormosquito,Anophelesgambiae,leadingtotheidenti?cationoftheunmodi?edecosystems,poundsthattargetOrcotopoundVUAA1(N-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-((4-ethyl-5-smallerpointsourcesshouldreducetheriskofenvironmental(3-pyridinyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetamide),DEET(N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide)isthefortheco-receptorOrcoitself(Jonesetal.,2011).monlyusedpersonalinsectrepellentappliedtohumanisabletoactivateOrcotostimulateionchannelopening,?ed,evenintheabsenceofodor-,butreceptortarget(s)remainhotlydebated(al.,2008;alsoonOrcosfromotherspecies,includingotherdipteransSyedandLeal,2008;Leeetal.,2010;al.,2013;Enjin(al.,2016foranexceptioninDiptera),etal.,2016).odulators,suchasVUAA1lepidopterans,andhymenopterans,,bothVUAA1agonists(suchasVUAA1)(Tayloretal.,2012).Anotherpossibilitymightbetolimitthepoundstohumanhouseholdstointerferebothdiseasevectorsandagriculturalpests(Jonesetal.,2011).withmosquitohutentrybehaviors(Turneretal.,2011).Amajorissuewiththee?cacyofVUAA1,however,isthatthemoleculeisnotparticularlyvolatile,?orttoidentifyothermodulatorsofOrco,withadditionalFEWERSPECIESSHOULDBEagonists(ChenandLuetje,2012;Tayloretal.,2012;RomaineASSOCIATEDWITHLOWERetal.,2014),andantagonists(ChenandLuetje,2012,2013;ENVIRONMENTALRISKJonesetal.,2012;Pasketal.,2013;Bobkovetal.,2014)nowdescribed,withsomedisplayinghigherpotencyand/-targetconsequences(Figure1A),thereareotherreceptorsinterferewithodor-guidedbehaviorsbyover-,theantagonists,inprinciple,plexthathasreceivedsomeattentioninthisanosmic,,contextisthecarbondioxide(CO2)plexofhigherwhetherOrcoisactivatedorinhibited,|ruary2017|Volume5|Article5bPestControlTargetingInsectChemoreceptorsFIGURE1|Summaryofthepossibleadvantagesanddisadvantages/poundstargeting(A)theevolutionaryconservedinsectodorantreceptorco-receptor(Orco),(B)plex,and(C)morespecies-speci?creceptorsforsex-oraggregationpheromones,inpest-(GR)family,especiallyGR1andGR3,and2011;Tauxeetal.,2013).Inthiscase,however,theactivepoundsDiptera,Coleoptera,andLepidoptera,.,cyclopentanone,ethylpyruvate,1-hexanol,2,3-taxaarealsoabletodetectCO2(RobertsonandKent,2009).butanedione,butanal,andpentanal(TurnerandRay,2009;Thus,ursinfewertaxathanTauxeetal.,2013).SeveraloftheseodorantsshowsimilarOrco,itispresentamongthreeofthemajorinsectorders,alle?ectsonCO2receptorsacrossdi?erentspeciesofmosquitoesofwhichcontainseriousagriculturalpestsanddiseasevectors.(.,,theWestNilevectorForexample,indisease-spreadingmosquitoes,thedetectionofCulexquinquefasciatus,andtheZika,chikungunya,dengueandplexisveryimportantfortheirabilitytoyellow-fevervectorAedesaegypti)aswellasthevinegar?,andbecauseofitsimportantDrosophilamelanogaster,andtheirinteractionwiththereceptorroleforhost?ndinginmosquitoes,plexissu?cienttointerferewithCO2-mediatedbehaviors(Turnerpoundscreeningsresultingetal.,2011).However,2,3-butanedionehasopposinge?ectsininthediscoveryofhighlyactiveagonists(“superagonists”),paredtomosquitoes,inhibitingtheCO2aswellasantagonists(TurnerandRay,2009;Turneretal.,responseinDrosophila,butelicitingultra-prolongedactivationFrontiersinEcologyandEvolution|ruary2017|Volume5|?ectresultsinaggregationpheromonesoftree-killingbarkbeetles,whichimpairedCO2attractionandreductioninCO2-mediatedhutduringoutbreakscanbeaseriousthreattoforests,(Turneretal.,2011).plantedandunmodi?ed(Ra?aetal.,2016).IntheEuropeanpoundsthattargetOrco,thesprucebarkbeetle,Ipstypographus,theherbivore-inducedsprucecompoundsthatcanmodulateCO2-pound,1,8-cineole(Schiebeetal.,2012),stronglya?ectnon-targetinsects(Figure1B).However,thenegativesidereducesattractiontotheaggregationpheromone,whichisplexarelikelytobelessusedtocoordinatedeadlymass-attacksontrees(AnderssonparedwithtargetingOrcobecause(i)poundsetal.,2010;al.,2014).Thesensoryneuronthatwouldnotactivateordeactivatetheentireolfactorysystem,(ii)detects1,8-cineoleishousedwithinthesamesensillaasthatponents,comparedtoOrco,(iii)poundsandwhenthe1,8-cineoleneuronresponds,theresponsetoponentintheotherneuronisaregenerallyregardedassafe(Tauxeetal.,2013).Nevertheless,inhibited,probablyviapassiveelectricalinteractionsbetweenbecausetheecologicalimportanceofCO2isunknowninmostneurons(al.,2010).Suchneuronalcross-talkinsectspecies,andbecausetheabove-urinDrosophila,witharephysiologicallyand/orbehaviorallyactiveinmanyspecies,signi?cante?ectsonbehavior(Suetal.,2012);thusitprobablypoundsmaywellberepresentsaneurophysiologicalmechanismwidespreadamongassociatedwithunexpectedsidee?,thepestcontrole?cacyofagonistsorwithsex/aggregationpheromonereceptorsorindirectlyonantagoniststargetingtheCO2receptorislikelytobelowerthanneurophysiologicalresponsesisapromisingavenueforthepoundstargetingOrco,,binationwithinputfromadditionalhowever,unclearwhetherthesameexpectedcontrole?cacyreceptorsinthehost??creceptorwillbeachievedpoundstargetingOrco(ortheuseofTARGETINGSPECIES-SPECIFICinsecticides),especiallyforspeciesthatutilizemultiplesensorymodalitiesforhostormate?,itispossiblethatRECEPTORSSHOULDBEDESIRABLEseveralspeci?creceptorswillhavetobetargetedsimultaneouslyFROMANENVIRONMENTALtoachievesu?,whilecontrolmeasuresPERSPECTIVEthattargetsex-oraggregationpheromonereceptorswilllikelybemorespecies-speci?c,notallpestspeciesusesuchpheromones,Anotheroptionforthisapproachtonewinsectcontrolandevenwheretheydo,notallhavehadtheirchemicalponentsorreceptorsidenti?-speci?