硕士医学英语与疾病相关的术语 PPT课件.ppt

硕士医学英语与疾病相关的术语_PPT课件Medical Terminology(11)
Disease
刘帅
研究生英语教研室(综合楼110)
Disease: Types of Diseases
A disease is any alteration from the normal structure
or function of any part of the body. Diseases can be
grouped into a number of different but often
overlapping categories. These include:
• Infectious diseases—caused by anisms and
other parasites that live at the expense of anism. Any disease-anism is described
as a pathogen.
• Degenerative diseases(变性疾病)—resulting from wear
and tear, aging, or trauma (injury) that can result in a
lesion (wound) and perhaps necrosis (death) of tissue.
Common examples include arthritis, cardiovascular
problems, and certain respiratory disorders such as
emphysema. Structural malformations such as congenital
malformations, prolapse (dropping,脱垂), or hernia
(rupture) may also result in degenerative changes.
Neoplasia—abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue.
Immune disorders(免疫功能紊乱)—failures of the immune
system, allergies, and autoimmune diseases, in which the
body makes antibodies to its own tissues, fall into this
category.
Metabolic disorders—resulting from lack of enzymes or
other factors needed for cellular functions. Many
hereditary disorders fall into this category. Malnutrition
caused by inadequate intake of nutrients or inability of
the body to absorb and use nutrients also upsets
metabolism.
Hormonal disorders—caused by underproduction or
overproduction of hormones or by inability of the
hormones to function properly. One example is diabetes
mellitus.
Mental and emotional disorders—disorders that affect
the mind and adaptation of an individual to his
or her environment.
The cause of a disease is its etiology, although many
diseases have multiple interacting causes. An acute
disease is sudden and severe and of short duration. A
chronic disease is of long duration and progresses
slowly.
Infectious Diseases:
Infectious diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria,
fungi (yeasts and molds), protozoa (single-c