怎么样写总结.doc

怎么样写总结
在一个项目开始时,就应该着手去写可能的论文提纲,而不要等到论文结束的时候。研究可能永远没有结尾可言。
- Organize the outline and the paper around easily assimilated data - tables, equations, figures, schemes - rather than around text.
整理提纲和论文要围绕易于接受的数据—表格,方程式,图表,示意图,而不是围绕正文。
- Organize in order of importance, not in chronological order. An important detail in writing paper concerns the weight to be given to topics. Neophytes anize a paper in terms of chronology: that is, they recount their experimental program, starting with their cherished initial failures and leading up to a climactic essful finale. This approach pletely wrong. Start with the most important results, and put the secondary results later, if at all. The reader usually does not care how you arrived at your big results, only what they are. Shorter papers are easier to read than longer ones.
不是按照时间顺序, 而应按重要性来整理。论文写作的一个重要细节是要考虑各部分的权重。新手常常按照时间顺序来写论文:他们常常从珍爱的开始时的失败写起,直到最后的成功来叙述实验过程。这种方法是完全错误的。应该从最重要的结果写起,然后是较重要的结果。读者们通常不关心你是怎么得到的结果,而只关心结果是什么。短文章比长文章更易读。
Some Points of English Style
英文文体上的一些要点:
1) Do not use nouns as adjectives:
不要将名词误用为副词:
不合适的: 正确的:
ATP formation formation of ATP
生成ATP
reaction product product of the reaction
反应产物
2) The word “this” must always be followed by a noun, so that its reference is explicit
在“this”后面必须接名词,这样“this”所指的对象就会更加清楚。
不合适的: 正确的:
this is a fast reaction this reaction is fast
这是一个快反应
this leads us to conclude this observation leads us to conclude
这个观察结果使我们推断出
3) Describe experimental results uniformly in the past tense.
描述实验结果一律要用过去时态。
不合适的: 正确的:
Addition of water gives product addition of water gave product
加水后生成产物
4) Use the active voice whenever possible.
尽可能使用主动语态。
不合适的: 正确的:
It was observed that the solution turned red. The solution turned red Or We observed that the solution turned red.
溶液变成了红色。或, 我们观察到溶液变成了红色。
5) Complete parisons.
所有的比较都应该是完整的。
不合适的: 正确的:
The yield was higher usi
ng bromine The yield was higher using bromine than chlorine.
用溴比用氯时产出率高。
6) Type all pa
per