过去式与过去分词分规则变化和不规则变化两种.doc

分规则变化和不规则变化两种。不规则变化需逐个记忆,规则变化遵循以下原则:
(1) 一般情况下,在动词后加ed构成:work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted等。
(2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d:close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled等。
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-ed:study / studied, carry / carried等。
(4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且(中间只有一个元音字母)且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed:stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。
【注】(1) 以字母l结尾的动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加-ed,如control / controlled,但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ed。
(2) ic(野餐)icked,iced。
(3) 词尾-ed 读音规则是:在清辅音后读作[t],元音和浊辅音后读作[d],在辅音[t]或[d]后读作[id]。
参考资料:引用
过去式和过去分词构成法
1)英语中大部分动词都以加-ed词尾的办法构成过去式及过去分词:
现在时(动词原形) 过去式过去分词

work worked worked
appear appeared appeared
talk talked talked
play played played
这类动词称为规则动词(Regular Verbs)。
2)在加-ed 词尾时要注意几个问题:
,则只加-d:
live —— lived please —— pleased free —— freed
“辅音(字母)+y”结尾,先变y为i再加-ed:
try —— tried study —— studied simplify —— simplified
“一个元音字母+ 一个辅音字母”结尾,该音节又重读者,末尾字母要双写,然后再加-ed:
stop —— stopped fit —— fitted chat —— chatted
-ed:
lack —— lacked open —— opened repeat —— repeated
3)另外,还有几点值得注意:
“一个元音+l”结尾的词,英国人都把l双写,美国人都不双写:
travel —— travelled (英),traveled (美)
marvel —— marvelled (美),marveled (美)
,l一概不双写(英美都如此):
reveal —— revealled appeal —— appealed
,尽管末尾音节并不重读,末尾辅音字母在英国仍双写:
worship —— worshipped (英) ,w