制药分离工程(1).doc

制药分离工程内容总结
Chapter 1 Introduction
一、化工产品和产品纯化的区别:What is the main difference in separation between chemical production and pharmaceutical production?
1、Product Purity(high) 产品纯度高
2、Feed concentration(low)进料浓度低
3、Moderate conditions 条件温和
4、Solvent recovery
二、几类分离技术: (Mechanism of separation)
1、Separation by phase addition or creation
Distillation(精馏)【extractive distillation(萃取精馏)、azeotropic distillation(共沸精馏)等等】、stripping(提馏)、absorption(吸收)、extraction、leaching(沥取)、drying(干燥)、evaporation(蒸发)、Crystallization(结晶)
2、Separation by barrier
Osmosis(渗透)、reverse osmosis(反渗透)、Dialysis(渗析)、microfiltration(微虑)、Ultrafiltration(超滤)、pervaporation(渗透汽化)、gas permeation(气体渗透)、liquid membrance(液体膜)
3、Separation by solid agent
adsorption(吸附)、chromatography(色谱)、Ion exchange(离子交换)
4、Separation by external field or gradient
Centrifugation(离心)、Thermal diffusion(热扩散)、Electrolysis(电解)、Electrodialysis(电渗析)、Electrophoresis(电泳)、Field-flow fractionation(分馏)
三、概念
ESA:Energy-separating agent(能量分离剂)
MSA: mass-separating agent(质量分离剂)
四、Factors in Selection of Process
Realizability(可实现)、economy(经济)、safety(安全)
五、P8表 technical maturity and use maturity,一般成熟度越高,使用越优先。
Distillation > gas absorption > extraction/azeotropic Distillation > solvent extraction > Crystallization > ion exchange > adsorption (gas>liquid) > membrance (liquid>gas) > chromatography > supercritical gas abs./ extraction > field-induced separations > Affinity separations >liquid membrance(有些排序不清楚,还是看书吧)
六、ease of scale-up of the mon separation operations
Distillation、absorption、extractive and azeotropic distillation、liquid-liquid distillation――easy
Membrance——repressurization required between stages(需减压、结晶不容易、干燥不方便)
Adsorption ——easy(总体来说以上都是容易的)
Crystallization——not easy
Drying——not convenient
Chapter 2 distillation
一、Mechanism:
1、separation by phase creation
2、based on the difference of boiling point
3、relative volatility
二、It’s work
Product separation(intermediate)
Solvent recovery
Natural p