32.颈部解剖1幻灯片.ppt

颈部
一、概述二、浅层结构
三、颈部深筋膜四、颈前区
五、胸锁乳突肌区六、颈侧区
七、颈根部
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
上界:为下颌骨下缘、下颌角、乳突、上项线与枕外隆突的连线。
下界:由胸骨上缘、锁骨和肩峰至第7颈椎棘突的连线。
颈部的境界与分区
一、概述
颈部:分为固有颈部和项部。
固有颈部:又可分为颈前区、胸锁乳突肌区和颈外侧区。
颈前区:被舌骨分为舌骨上区(包括2个下颌下三角和1个颏下三角)和舌骨下区(包括成对的颈动脉三角和肌三角)。
颈外侧区:被肩胛舌骨肌下腹分为枕三角和锁骨上三角。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
二、浅层结构
1. 皮肤
2. 浅筋膜及其内容颈阔肌
浅静脉
皮神经
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG

起点: 三角肌和胸大肌表面的筋膜。
止点: 口角
颈阔肌深面有浅静脉和皮神经。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
2. 浅静脉
①颈前静脉
注入颈外静脉
②颈外静脉
注入锁骨下静脉或静脉角
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
三、颈部深筋膜
颈深筋膜分为三层
浅层:封套筋膜
中层:气管前筋膜或内脏筋膜
深层:椎前筋膜
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
包裹二肌二腺,形成肌鞘和腺鞘。
二肌:斜方肌胸锁乳突肌
二腺:下颌下腺腮腺
1. 深筋膜浅层(封套筋膜)
圆桶形环绕颈部
前左右延续
后附于项韧带和C7棘突
上附于下颌体下缘、颧 弓、乳突基底、上项线 及枕外隆凸
下附于胸骨柄上缘、锁 骨、肩峰
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
在胸骨颈静脉切迹上方3~5cm处分两层附于颈静脉切迹前、后缘,成胸骨上间隙,内含颈静脉弓。
向上分两层包绕下颌下腺,形成下颌下间隙的顶,内含下颌下淋巴结、面动脉、面静脉,延续为腮腺咬肌筋膜。
深筋膜浅层(封套筋膜)续
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG