LATIN PRONOUNS：拉丁语的代词.ppt

LATIN PRONOUNS
THE BASICS
Most pronouns can also be used as adjectives
The endings are mostly those of 1st/2nd declension adjectives like bonus, -a, -um, but some forms are irregular. In particular, the genitive singular has the special ending –ius and the dative singular borrows the –ī ending from the 3rd declension. These two endings always remain the same for all three genders
The i in the -ius ending forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel in eius, huius and cuius, which are thus pronounced EIY-us, HUIY-us and CUIY-us. In other pronouns the –i is long and takes the stress –. illīus, normally pronounced il-LI-us
These special `pronominal’ endings for dative and genitive are also used by nine adjectives that otherwise normally follow the regular –us, -a, -um/ -er, -ra, -rum pattern: ūnus (one), nūllus (none), ūllus (any), sōlus (alone), neuter (neither) alius (neut. nom, acc. sing. aliud) (other), uter (which of two), tōtus (whole), alter (the other of two)
is, ea, id (singular)
Can be translated `this’ or `that’ but often just the equivalent of `him’, `her’, `his’, `them’ etc.
The nominative does not need to be used very often because the meaning `he’, `she’, `they’ etc, is contained within an ordinary verb. Compare:
Canis eum spectat (The dog looks at him)
Canem spectat (He looks at the dog)
is (singular)
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nominative
is
ea
id
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
is (singular)
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nominative
is
ea
id
Genitive
eius
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
is (singular)
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nominative
is
ea
id
Genitive
eius
Dative
eī
Accusative
Ablative
is (singular)
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nominative
is
ea
id
Genitive
eius
Dative
eī
Accusative
eum
eam
id
Ablative
is (singular)
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nominative
is
ea
id
Genitive
eius
Dative
eī
Accusative
eum
eam
id
Ablative
eō
eā
eō
is (plural)
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nominative
eī
eae
ea
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
is (plural)
Masc
F