从民法总则到商法.doc

从民法总则到商法
刘宗荣
台湾大学法学院
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摘    要:
民法总则不但是债编、物权编的共同规定, 原则上也是亲属编、继承编的共同规定, 民法总则所宣示的法律原则, 例如诚实信用原则、公共秩序、善良风俗, 普遍地适用于全部的法律领域。在大陆法系, 关于民法典与商法典的制定, 比较体系化的立法方式和采取民法与商法都同属于私法的一部分, 民法是普通法、商法是特别法的立法方式, 后者在逻辑上比较严明, 在立法上比较经济。在民法与商法是普通法与特别法的关系下, 同一法律事实, 民法与商法都有规定时, 商法的规定应该优先适用, 此时, 商法有特别法的性质;同一法律事实商法没有规定, 而民法有规定时, 应该适用民法的规定, 此时, 民法有补充法的性质。民法各论的制定必须避免与民法总则的规定发生重叠, 而随着大企业的兴起, 格式合同的广泛使用, 必须强化消费者保护与对格式条款的规制, 物权编、亲属编、继承编则应着重本国社会制度以及文化传统。在商法方面, 应该特别强化关系企业的规范等。
关键词:
民法; 民法总则; 商法;
作者简介:刘宗荣, 台湾大学法学院教授。
Discussion of the General Part of Civil Code mercial Code
Liu Zongrong
Abstract:
The General Part of Civil Code includes regulations from the Division of Obligation Law and the Division of Property Law, and, with a few exceptions, the regulations from the Division of ession Law and the Division of Family principles behind the General Part of Civil Code-such as the principle of good faith, the principle of public policy, and the principle of good customs-are applicable to all areas of the Civil Law system, the Civil Code and mercial Code are both private more logical and economical way to structure them is to deem the Civil Code as mon law and mercial Code as a special this structure, if both the Civil Code and mercial Code should apply to the same legal fact, mercial Code should when mercial Code does not have rules applicable to the legal fact does the Civil e in as a supplementary division of the civil code should avoid overlaps with the General Part of the Civil the increasing prevalence of large enterprises and the use of standardized contracts, special care must be taken to strengthen consumer protection and regulate standardized in the Division of Property Law, the Division of ession Law and the Division of Family Law should consider accepted social and culture values of our in mercia