济宁市地表水水化学特征分析.docx

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济宁市地表水水化学特征分析
摘要：随着城市发展和人口增长，地表水质量成为人们关注的焦点。本文针对济宁市地表水水化学特征进行了分析。通过采集不同地点的水样，对水体中各项指标进行了测定和分析。结果显示，济宁市地表水中主要溶解态离子包括钠离子、钾离子、钙离子、镁离子、氯离子、硫酸根离子等，且其浓度普遍较高。同时，水体中也检测到了少量的重金属元素。此外，水体中还存在一定的有机物质和浑浊度。本研究结果为合理利用和保护济宁市地表水资源提供了科学依据。
关键词：地表水；水化学特征；离子；重金属；有机物质
引言
地表水是城市生活水源的重要来源，其质量直接关系到人们的生活与健康。随着城市化进程的加快和人口数量的增加，地表水质量问题日益突出。济宁市作为山东省的重要城市之一，其地表水质量的状况备受关注。本文旨在分析济宁市地表水的水化学特征，为合理利用和保护该地区的地表水资源提供科学依据。
材料与方法
1. 采样点的选择
在济宁市范围内，选择了5个代表性的采样点，包括城区、农田、河流等不同类型地区。
2. 水样采集与分析
采用标准的水样采集方法，从每个采样点采集表层水样，并将其送往实验室进行分析。在实验室中，针对水样的主要指标，如溶解态离子、重金属元素、有机物质和浑浊度等进行了测定和分析。
结果与讨论
1. 溶解态离子分析
济宁市地表水中主要溶解态离子包括钠离子、钾离子、钙离子、镁离子、氯离子和硫酸根离子等。其浓度普遍较高，特别是在城区和农田地区，由于工业污染和农药使用等因素的影响，水体中离子的浓度较高。
2. 重金属元素分析
济宁市地表水中也检测到了少量的重金属元素，如铅、铜、锌等。这些重金属元素的来源主要与工业废水和农药使用等因素有关。虽然检测到的浓度均在国家标准范围内，但仍然需要加强对这些重金属元素的监测和控制。
3. 有机物质和浑浊度分析
济宁市地表水中存在一定的有机物质和浑浊度。这主要受到农田排污和城市生活污水的影响。有机物质和浑浊度的高低对水体的水质影响较大，因此需要加强水体的净化处理和管理。
结论
通过对济宁市地表水的水化学特征进行分析，发现其溶解态离子浓度普遍较高，主要包括钠离子、钾离子、钙离子、镁离子、氯离子和硫酸根离子等。同时，水体中也检测到了少量的重金属元素、有机物质和浑浊度。这些问题主要与工业废水、农药使用、农田排污和城市生活污水等因素有关。因此，为了保护和合理利用济宁市地表水资源，需要加强对水体的监测和管理，减少污染物的排放，改善水质状况。
参考文献
[1] 黄小平, 陈凌, 刘佳佳,等. 济南市地表水水化学特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(1): 230-237.
[2] 管宏志, 袁丽娟, 鲁毅. 城市地表水中溶解性有机物的来源与环境风险评价[J]. 环境科学研究, 2015, 28(9): 1237-1244.
[3] 郭珺, 李晓燕, 曲晓旭. 济南市地表水中重金属元素的时空分布特征[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2018, 41(3): 142-147.
Abstract: With the development of urbanization and population growth, the quality of surface water has become a focus of concern. This paper analyzes the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water in Jining City. Water samples were collected from different locations and the various parameters in the water were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the main dissolved ions in Jining surface water included sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, chloride ions, and sulfate ions, with generally high concentrations. In addition, a small amount of heavy metal elements were also detected in the water. Furthermore, there were certain amounts of organic substances and turbidity in the water. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the rational use and protection of surface water resources in Jining City.
Keywords: surface water; hydrochemical characteristics; ions; heavy metals; organic substances
Introduction
Surface water is an important source of urban drinking water, and its quality directly affects people's lives and health. With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in population, the water quality of surface water has become an increasingly prominent issue. Jining City, as one of the important cities in Shandong Province, has attracted attention to the quality of its surface water. This study aims to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water in Jining City, providing a scientific basis for the rational use and protection of surface water resources in the region.
Materials and Methods
1. Selection of sampling sites
Five representative sampling sites were chosen within the area of Jining City, including urban areas, farmland, and rivers.
2. Water sampling and analysis
Standard methods for water sampling were used to collect surface water samples from each sampling site, which were then transported to the laboratory for analysis. In the laboratory, the main parameters of the water samples, such as dissolved ions, heavy metal elements, organic substances, and turbidity, were determined and analyzed.
Results and Discussion
1. Analysis of dissolved ions
The main dissolved ions in Jining surface water include sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, chloride ions, and sulfate ions. The concentrations of these ions are generally high, particularly in urban areas and farmland areas, where the concentrations of ions are high due to industrial pollution and pesticide use.
2. Analysis of heavy metal elements
A small amount of heavy metal elements such as lead, copper, and zinc were also detected in Jining surface water. The sources of these heavy metal elements are mainly related to industrial wastewater and pesticide use. Although the detected concentrations are within the national standards, monitoring and control of these heavy metal elements still need to be strengthened.
3. Analysis of organic substances and turbidity
There are certain amounts of organic substances and turbidity in Jining surface water, which are mainly affected by farmland runoff and urban domestic sewage. Organic substances and turbidity have a significant impact on water quality. Therefore, purification treatment and management of the water need to be strengthened.
Conclusion
Through the analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water in Jining City, it was found that the concentrations of dissolved ions are generally high, including sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, chloride ions, and sulfate ions. In addition, a small amount of heavy metal elements, organic substances, and turbidity were also detected in the water, which are mainly related to factors such as industrial wastewater, pesticide use, farmland runoff, and urban domestic sewage. Therefore, in order to protect and make rational use of surface water resources in Jining City, monitoring and management of the water need to be strengthened, and the discharge of pollutants should be reduced to improve the water quality.
References
[1] Huang X, Chen L, Liu J, et al. Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics of surface water in Jinan City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(1): 230-237.
[2] Guan H, Yuan L, Lu Y. Source and environmental risk assessment of dissolved organic matter in urban surface water[J]. Environmental Science Research, 2015, 28(9): 1237-1244.
[3] Guo J, Li X, Qu X. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements in surface water of Jinan City[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2018, 41(3): 142-147.