2023年大学英语六级翻译技巧及专项练习讲解.docx

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汉语主动句译成英语被动句
我们在汉译英时，往往也需要把汉语主动句译成被动句。这是因为：为了保证上下文连贯，使衔接更紧密，句子更自然; 或强调动作承受者；或使语气婉转、措辞恰当。详细转换措施有如下两种。
1）把汉语主动句的宾语译成英语被动句H勺主语。
例1 （将领你们去参观我们的I新车间）by the secretary.
译文： You will be shown our new workshop.
简评：假如这句话不是划线填内容，你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshopo正是因为题 型是补全句子，这就给翻译带来了一定H勺难度，你必须去适应题型规定而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分: by the secretary显然是一种被动语态特性，“秘书”在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。因此，题目是暗 示我们要把原句中“你们”转换成译句里日勺主语，这样才符合出题规定。
例2 You （我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动）this time.
译文：are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns.
简评：根据题目可推知全句意思是：我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是：我们、 期望、你。不过在英文译文时给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头，也就是说”你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动，中文时 宾语变成了英文H勺主语，这就规定我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是：You are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time.
2）当汉语句以“我们“、“人们“、“大家”等泛指性代词作主语时，在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽视主语不译，并把英文 译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有know, see, find, say, suppose, estimate, report, suggest, stress, consider, expect, admit, point, understand 等动词。
例3假如原子失去一种或多种电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷。
not to punish those students who had been late for class
(考点：)
(能带不定式作宾语的动词常见日勺有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish)
whether to visit their son in France
(考点:“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种构造作宾语H勺动词一般有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder 等)
warned me just now not to water flowers at noon
(考点：不定式作宾语补语)
invited him to give us a lecture on modern art
(考点：同上)
(能带不定式构造作宾语补语欧I动词有 advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：划线欧I动词背面日勺不定式不带to)
to be the chairman of students' union in so large a university
(考点：动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语)
to apply what we have learned in class to practice
（不定式常用作如 F名词/代词的I定语:ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish 等）
ruined our plan to show the film in the open air
（考点：同上）
the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs
（考点：同上）
American woman to explore the outer space
（考点：由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语）
only to drop it on their own feet
（考点：不定式作成果状语）
to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village
（考点：不定式作原因状语）
to have taken up so much of your time
（考点：L不定式作原因状语2不定式"勺完成时）
to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in
（考点：不定式日勺进行式）
to be treated as a guest
（考点：不定式H勺被动形式）
go to the campus bookstore to buy used books
but play bridge the whole day
（考点：同上）
to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room
（考点：当动词see, make, hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to）
七、分词
“Happy birthday to you“ sung in Italian
（考点：分词作宾语补语）
（catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch 等动词常用分词形式作宾
语补语）
parked in the fire lane
（考点：分词作定语）
killing thousands upon thousands of people
（考点：分词作成果状语）
raising the average yield by 15 percent
（考点：同上）
trying to deduce its operating principle
（考点：分词作伴随状语）
Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book
（考点：分词作原因状语）
Deeply moved by the boy's deeds
Seen from the eyes of a young friend
(考点：分词作方式状语)
Not having heard from his parents for a long time
(考点：L分词作原因状语2分词的否认形式3目前分词的完成式)
八、动名词
Taking a cold bath every day
(考点：动名词作主语)
making their daughter do what she didn't like to do
(考点：动名词作动词的宾语)
(下列动词后的1宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can't help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can't stand, stop, suggest)
getting our goods into the international market
(考点：动名词作介词的宾语)
crying over spilled milk
(考点：动名词用于固定构造。动名词常常与如下词组连用：be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, whafs the point of, whafs the use of)
having peeked at his neighbor's test paper
(考点：动名词H勺完成式)
being promoted to manager
（考点：动名词日勺被动式）
九、非谓语动词使用方法区别
working very hard.
（考点：mean表达“意味着”）
to drive there, but his car broke down
（考点：mean表达“打算”）
（类似需要区别口勺动词还有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等）
talking to his mother
（考点：强调正在进行）
talk to his mother for an hour
（考点：强调整个过程）
only to break his own leg
（考点：意料之外的成果）
breaking his legs
（考点：意料之中的成果）
to see his parents in good health
（考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）
Seeing his parents safe and sound
（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）
Following its footprints
（考点：目前分词强调主动）
followed by two body guards
（考点：过去分词强调被动）
十、名词从句
Why they left their hometown for Yunnan
（考点：主语从句）
What confused me most
（考点：同上）
That this was done on purpose
（考点：同上）
who should be responsible for this matter
（考点：较长的主语从句可后来置，用it作形式主语）
whom Mary is engaged to
（考点：同上）
what can be done today
（考点：宾语从句）
what I have been looking for
（考点：表语从句）
whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision
（考点：whether/if引导后置区I主语从句）
Whether she likes the present
（考点：whether引导前置日勺主语从句）
whether I should ask for another loan
（考点：whether引导表语从句）
whether they will support us
（考点：whether引导宾语从句）
whether I can count on your vote
（考点：whether引导同位语从句）
（9-12中的J whether不可以替代为if）
that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages
（考点：同位语从句）
that the chairman would agree to this proposal
（考点：同上）
、定语从句
the house where Lu Xun was born
（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句一般由where引导）
on the day when his son arrived
（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句一般由when引导）
the reason why I am in favor of this reform
（考点：先行词为reason,定语从句一般由why引导）
a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length
（考点：whose引导欧J定语从句）
which made our journey more difficult
most of whom were English majors