2022年考研英语一真题.pdf

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2022年考研英语一真题--第1页
2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
SectionI Use of English
Directions:
Readthe followingtext. Choosethe bestword (s) for eachnumberedblankand mark A, B, C
or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
The idea that plantshave some degree of consciousnessfirsttook rootin the early 2000s; the term
“plant neurobiology”was __1__ aroundthe notion that some aspectsof plant behaviorcould be
__2__ to intelligencein plants lack brains,the firing of electricalsignals in their
stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that __4__ consciousness,researchers
previouslyreported.
But such an idea is untrue, accordingto a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and
fascinating,butit __5__ so greatly from that of animals that so-called__6__ of plants’intelligence
is inconclusive,the authorswrote.
Beginningin 2006,some scientists have __7__ that plants possessneuron-likecells that interact
with hormonesand neurotransmitters,__8__ “a plant nervoussystem,__9__ to that in animals,”
said lead study authorLincoln Taiz, “They__10__claimedthat plants have “brain-like command
centers” at their roottips.”
This __11__ makes senseif you simplify the workings of a complexbrain,__12__it to an array of
electricalpulses;cells in plantsalso communicatethrough ,the signaling
in a plant is only __14__ similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than “a
massof cells thatcommunicateby electricity,” Taiz said.
“For consciousnessto evolve, a brain with a threshold __15__ of complexity and capacity is
required,” he __16__.”Sinceplants don’t have nervous systems, the __17__ that they have
consciousnessare effectivelyzero.”
And what’s so great about consciousness,anyway? Plants can’t run away from __18__, so
investingenergy in a bodysystemwhich__19__a threatandcanfeelpain wouldbe a very__20__
evolutionarystrategy,
accordingto the article.
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2022年考研英语一真题--第1页 : .
2022年考研英语一真题--第2页
1. [A] coined [B] discovered [C] collected [D] issued
2. [A] attributed [B] directed [C] compared [D] confined
3. [A] unless [B] when [C] once [D] though
4. [A] copedwith [B] consisted [C] hintedat [D] extended
of
5. [A] suffers [B] benefits [C] develops [D] differs
6. [A] acceptance [B] evidence [C] cultivation [D] creation
7. [A] doubted [B] denied [C] argued [D] requested
8. [A] adapting [B] forming [C] repairing [D] testing
9. [A] analogous [B] essential [C] suitable [D] sensitive
10. [A] just [B] ever [C] still [D] even
11. [A] restriction [B] experiment [C] perspective [D] demand
12. [A] attaching [B] reducing [C] returning [D] exposing
13. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
14. [A] temporarily [B] literally [C] superficially [D] imaginarily
15. [A] list [B] level [C] label [D] local
16. [A] recalled [B] agreed [C] questioned [D] added
17. [A] chances [B] risks [C] excuses [D] assumptions
18. [A] danger [B] failure [C] warning [D] control
19. [A] represents [B] includes [C] reveals [D] recognizes
20. [A] humble [B] poor [C] practical [D] easy
SectionII Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the followingfour texts. Answerthe questionsbeloweachtext by choosingA, B, C or
D. Mark your answerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text 1
People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shoppingbags, and other

trash litter the planet,from Mount Everestto the MarianaTrench, becauseplasticsare everywhere

and don't breakdown easily. But some plastic materialschange over time. They crackand frizzle.
They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headachesfor

institutions,such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of

plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-gardesculptures,celluloid animationstills

from Disneyfilms,the first artificialheart.
Certain artifacts are especiallyvulnerablebecausesome pioneersin plastic art didn't always
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2022年考研英语一真题--第2页 : .
2022年考研英语一真题--第3页
know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until

retiring a few years ago, worked for decadesat the Cultural HeritageAgency of the Netherlands.
“It ’s like baking a cake: If you don't have exact amounts, it goes wrong,” she says.“The object

you make is alreadya timebomb.”
And sometimes,it's notthe artist's fault. In the 1960s,the Italian artist Picro Gilardibegan to
create hundredsof bright,colorfulfoam piecesincludedsmall beds of roses
and other items as well as a few dozen “naturecarpets” - large rectangles decorated with foam
pumpkins,cabbages,and wantedviewersto walk aroundon the carpets- which
meant they hadto be durable.
Unfortunately, the polyurethanefoamhe usedis inherently 's especially vulnerable
to light damage, and by the mid-1990s,Gilardi’s pumpkins,roses,and otherfigureswere splitting
some of themawayin the dark.
So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi’s infused
some with stabilizingand Oostencalls those chemicals“sunscreens”
because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is
proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath
protectivecases.
Despite successstories like van Oosten’s, preservationof plastics will likely get harder. Old
objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are
increasinglycommon.
And more is at stakeherethan Fe