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专题 10 非谓语动词——精讲深剖
真题速递
一.单句语法填空
( 2019 全 国 I 卷 ) Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用 to perform。
2.(2019 全国 I 卷)Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填 noting。
employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for 可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填 being。
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文 had 以及 said 可知用一般过去时态,故填 declared。
5.(2019 全国 II 卷)When we got a call (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定语,解释名词 call 的内容,call 与 say 是主动关系,故填 saying。
6.(2019 全国 III 卷)On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查不定式。句中的 would 提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering 后的句子不缺谓语,此处应填非谓语动词,故填 to get。
7(. 2019 全国III 卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful
farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以 70 题空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由 we 发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,
and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式,故空格处填 listening。
8.(2019 浙江高考)When the children are walking or (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。
or 连接两个并列成分,根据 or 前的 walking 可知,此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。
9.(2019 浙江高考)But some students didn't want (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth 想要做某事,这是 want
的固定用法。故填 to wear。
10.(2019·北京卷)Nervously (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be
yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分 析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是 I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填 facing。
二.单项选择
1.(2019·江苏卷) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
【答案】A
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【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选 A。
2.(2019·天津卷) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned
Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语,故选 C。
3.(2019·江苏卷) China's image is improving steadily, with more countries its role in international affairs.
recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
【答案】A
【解析】考查 with 复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用 with + 名词 + 现在分词结构,故选 A。
4.(2018·北京) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“ along the old Silk Road”
做主语,要用动名词,故 B 选项正确。
点睛:动名词是动词-ing 形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
5.(2018·北京)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。gather 是谓语动词,“ _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故 B 选项正确。
点睛:动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后,通常译为“为了”。
6.(2018·北京) Ordinary soap, correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
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A. used B. to use C. using D. use
【答案】A
点睛:过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。
7.(2018·天津) I didn't mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help it.
to eat;to try B. eating;trying C. eating;to try D. to eat; trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意:我不打算吃任何东西,但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语 mean to do(打算做),couldn’t help doing 忍不住做。故选 D。
点睛:本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义,本题需要区分“mean to do 打算做”与“mean doing 意味着做”和“can’t help to do ”与“couldn’t help doing 忍不住做”之间的含义。
8.(2018·天津)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs _.
taking B. taken C. being taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语 my photograph 与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C 项表示正在进行。故选 B。
点睛:本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,再分析二者之间的关系,最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
9.(2018·江苏)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在这期间,大约创造 13,500 个新的工作,超过市场分析师持有的 12,000
的预期数量。分析全句可知,这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。故选 D。
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点睛:本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。
having exceeded 强调时间先后,指的是此动作发生在谓语动词 create 的动作之前;to exceed 表示将要超出;exceeded 过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知,这里用现在分词作结果状语。
三.单句改错
1.(2019 全国 I 卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【答案】say 改为 saying
【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词 为 cheered,say 在这里作伴随状语。与主语 players 是主动关系,故将 say 改为 saying。
2.(2019 全国 III 卷)Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
【答案】opens 改为 open
【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语,to 后用动词原形。故把 opens 改为 open。
考纲解读
近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词; 作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词;它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。
知识梳理
一.非谓语动词做状语
1.分词作状语
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语;一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
(1)现在分词作状语时,分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的,它们之间是主动关系。Hearing the news, they got excited.
听到这个消息,他们很兴奋。
(2)过去分词作状语时,分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果给予正确的训练,这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
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2.动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的,有时也可以表示结果、原因等。 She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到乔治进来,她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用 in order to do, so as to do, to do 等,但 so as to do 不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试,他努力学习。
(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)
【考题印证】 单句语法填空
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.
【答案】 to see
【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。此处意为:你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好处。分析句子结构可知,此处应该使用不定式形式作目的状语。故填 to see。
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.
【答案】 to improve
【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不种植水稻”的目的,故此处 应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to improve。
3.(2017· 浙江 6 月高考)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal.
【答案】 to cook
【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。分析句子结构可知,句中已经有了谓语动词 removed,所以此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to cook。
4.(2016·浙江 10 月高考) Soon after, I was on my way to the show, (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.
【答案】 carrying
【解析】考查现在分词做状语。空处为伴随状语,且与逻辑主语 I 是主谓关系,故用 carrying。
5.(2016· 全国卷Ⅲ )The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
【答案】 using
【解析】考查现在分词做状语。 第二句句中已有谓语 cooked,且无其他连接词,use 与主句主语之间
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存在主动关系,故填现在分词形式 using 作方式状语。
二.非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语,通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个到,最后一个离开。 Have you got a letter to write?(动宾关系) 你有一封信要写吗?
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
(同位关系)
你有用英语读写的能力吗?
2.分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为 doing, being done 和 done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时,用 doing;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时,用 being done;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时,用 done。
I have never seen a more moving film.
我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。The houses being built are for the teachers. 正在建的房子是给老师的。
The broken glass is Tom's.
这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为 doing 和 done, doing 表示正在进行;done 表示已经完成。
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 开水
3.动名词作定语
动名词可置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖
a sleeping car = a car for sleeping 卧铺车
【考题印证】单句语法填空
1.(2018·浙江 11 月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism.
【答案】 called
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【解析】考查过去分词做定语。problem 与 call 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词 called 作 problem 的后置定语。故填 called。
2.(2017·浙江 6 月高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a (shine) object.
【答案】 shining
【解析】考查现在分词做定语。空处作 object 的前置定语,故填 shining。
3.(2016· 全国卷Ⅰ )But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】permitted
【解析】考查过去分词做定语。因为句中已有谓语动词 was,故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因 permit
与 reporter 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填 permitted。三.非谓语动词作补语
1.后接动词不定式作补语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补,即“动词/动词短语+宾语+to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有:
allow 允许 ask 询问;要求
cause 导致 encourage 鼓励
forbid 禁止 force 强迫
invite 邀请 order 命令;要求
prefer 更喜欢 require 需要;要求
remind 提醒 tell 告诉
warn 警告 wish 希望;想要
call on 号召;要求 depend on 依靠
advise 建议
beg 恳求
permit 准许
intend 打算
persuade 说服
teach 教
want 想要
wait for 等待
She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则,并要求每个人都遵循这些规则。
He depends on you to help him with his English.
他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列动词接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语:
一感 (feel),二听(hear, listen to),三让(let,have, make),五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at),半帮助 (help),但在变为被动语态时需加 to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语,它们是:
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sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought + to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.
He is said to have been cheated in the street.
据说,他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.
据报道,那次事故中有两人丧生。
2.非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补足语有四种形式,以 see
为例:
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时,我看见他的腿在空中乱踢,并且呼吸沉重。
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
(2)使役动词 make, let, have, get 后接复合宾语的情况:
do 让……做…… 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系
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①make+宾语+
done 让……被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系
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The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after 。He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
do 让……做…… 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系
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②let+宾语+
be done 让……被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系
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Don't let your child play with matches.
别让你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.
工作要马上去做。
He had the computer working all the night.
他让电脑工作了一夜。
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He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在回家的路上,他的钱包被偷了。
She got her bike running very fast.
她把自行车骑得飞快。
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3.动词 leave, keep, find, catch 后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况
sb./sth. doing 使某人/物一直做
keep sb./sth. done 使某人/物被做表示被动且完成,或表示状态
sb. doing 发现某人正在做
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find
sb./sth. done 发现某人/物已经…… 表示完成或状态
sb./sth. to be ... 发现某人/物……
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catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人正在做某
【考题印证】单句语法填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【答案】to process
【解析】考查动词不定式做宾补。require do sth.“需要某人做某事”。故填 to process。
2.(2017· 全国卷Ⅰ )If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends
(camp), I would have laughed heartily.
【答案】camping
【解析】考查现在分词做宾补。spend ...doing“花费……做”,此处为现在分词作宾补。故填 camping。四.非谓语动词作宾语
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2021年高考英语必考点全梳理专题10-非谓语动词(精讲深剖) 来自淘豆网m.daumloan.com转载请标明出处.