过去分词作宾语补足语.ppt

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英语中有些动词，除了有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，句子才完整。过去分词作宾补表示该动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，它对宾补作进一步的补充说明。
Past Participle
-used as Object Complement
2. 少数不及物动词如 find, go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
.: She found her necklace gone on her way home.
3. 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。
.: When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
一、作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
及物动词的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
.: I want the letter posted.
二、需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
.： The father wants his daughter learnt the piano.
2. 感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
.：I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
3. 使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
.: Have you got your films developed?
4. “with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：
.: The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。
.: She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.
当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。
. :She felt her heart beating fast.
三、掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义
在“ have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义：
. :With water heated, we can see the steam.
. :With the matter settled, we all went home.
1. 意为“主语请别人做某事”。
.: He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。
.: Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt.
3. 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。
.: He had the walls painted this morning.
四、区分过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语
一般说来，过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语是动作的承受者；现在分词作宾语补足语时宾语是动作的执行者。试比较：
.: I found him lying on the grass just now.
.: I found him knocked down by a car.
.: I can’t put my heart into study with so much noise going on .
.: With the problem settled, he felt quite relaxed.
五、过去分词与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别
一般地，过去分词作宾补时，分词与宾语之间为动宾关系；现在分词作宾补时，分词与宾补之间为主谓关系。
managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ＿＿＿ the next year
　　A．carry out     B．carrying out    C．carried out   D．to carry out
is an ＿＿＿＿country．You can hear＿＿＿＿everywhere．
A．English-spoken; speaking English
B．English-speaking; spoken English
C．English-speaking; English spoken
D．English-spoken; English speaking
3. with trees, flowers and grass ______ everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look.
A. planting    B. planted    C. to plant    D. to be planted
4. She was glad to see her child well ______ care of
A. take    B. to be take    C. taken    D. taking