湖北省荆州市八县市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）.docx

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高二英语试题
本试卷共8页，67题，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项:
.答卷前，、考试科目、准考证号填写在答题卡 和试题卷规定的位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处” O
.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需 改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试卷上。
.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相 应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不 按以上要求作答无效。
.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £. B. £. C. £.
答案是C。
.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the man do this afternoon?
A. Play football.
B. Wash his shoes.
C. Clean his room.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】 W: Joey, would you mind washing your shoes?
M: Not at all.
W: Could you possibly clean your room this afternoon?
M: Sorry, I have to go to football practice.
.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “"Dr. Malcom has pioneered and championed much of the thinking about diversity and inclusivity in science that is finally being adopted today. We are delighted to present her with the Sigma Xi Gold Key Award,“ announced Jamie Vernon, executive director and CEO of Sigma Xi.（ Sigma Xi 执行董事兼 CEO Jamie Vernon宣称：“Malcom博士率先倡导并倡导了许多有关科学多样性和包容性的思想，这些思想最终在今天 被采纳。我们很高兴为她颁发Sigma Xi金钥匙奖，，）”可知，Malcom博士获得西格玛西格玛金钥匙奖是因 为她促进了公众对科学多样性和包容性的理解。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中 “Dr. Malcom has pioneered and championed much of the thinking about diversity and inclusivity in science that is finally being adopted today.（Malcom 博士率先倡导并倡导了许多有关科学多样性和 包容性的思想，这些思想最终在今天被采纳）”以及第四段中uMalcom has been a pioneer and role model for African American women in science.（ Malcom 一直是非裔美国女性在科学领域的先锋和榜样）”可推知， Malcom博士是一个有创新精神的开拓者。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中 “The symbolism of the Gold Key Award pays respect to the early days of Sigma Xi （late 1800s to early 1900s）, when acceptance into the Scientific Research Honor Society was often accompanied by the presentation of a small gold key. The key represented pride in the science or engineering accomplishments of the holder.（金钥匙奖的象征意义是对西格玛早期（19世纪末到20世纪初）的致敬，当时被接受为科学研究荣誉协 会成员时，通常会赠送一把小金钥匙。钥匙代表了对持有人的科学或工程成就的自豪感）”可推知，金钥匙 是一种科学自豪和荣誉的象征。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第——段中 “Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Honor Society is honored to announce that Shirley M. Malcom is the 2021 receiver of the Gold Key Award.（科学研究荣誉协会 Sigma Xi 荣幸地宣布 Shirley M. Malcom是2021年金钥匙奖的获得者）”结合文章主要报道了 Malcom博士获得科学研究荣誉协会的金钥匙 奖的事迹。可推知文章选自“新闻报道”。故选D。
C
Different contexts affect food production, processing, trade, marketing and consumption. As a result of this, the food availability, accessibility, and affordability as well as consumers9 eating behaviour and nutritional status vary. One possible picture is presented here to provide an idea on how Covid-19 might impact the global food system.
Consumer demand plays a crucial role in food production and their demands depend on purchasing power and preference. Because of the lockdown, there is no work for many people. As a result, they do not have enough money to buy adequate food for their families. The closure of restaurants, school meals and tourism businesses may reduce the demand for fresh food. People buy frozen, dried and canned food with longer shelflife. Energy-dense, less nutritious foods are often more affordable than fresh and nutritious one.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Covid-19 is not likely to be transmitted through food. However, workers can get infected by each other if they do not maintain social distance properly. Shortage of labor can not only hamper food production, but also the processing and handling of food. On the other hand, non-perishable food with longer shelf life may get priority over perishable food considering the demand. Some of these foods have lower nutritional value.
Around the world, millions of people depend on international trade either for their livelihood or food security. The virus outbreak might slow down global trade and marketing of food. As a result, countries depending on imported food can face difficulties. The closure of ports and other supply restrictions will prevent food supply. The price of transferring food within and outside of the country may get more expensive. It means import may get more expensive and export may bring less money.
On the other hand, the restriction in transport and supply can be the cause of food loss particularly for fresh fruits and vegetables. Companies may face difficulties to import the ingredients for different products, which may disturb the production.
Why do people purchase foods with longer shelf life after the lockdown?
Because the foods are more nutritious and more affordable.
Because they can buy enough food for their families.
Because the foods are fresh and frozen.
Because Covid-19 reduced people's purchase power.
What does the underlined word "hamper“ mean in paragraph 3?
A. Promote. B. Block. C. Spread. D. Resist.
What can be inferred form the last two paragraphs?
Companies may make more profits depending on imported food.
The outbreak of the virus limits the import and export of food.
The cost of food around the country will increase sharply.
Inadequate ingredients leads to the shortage of fresh food.
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
Could Food Production Stand Up to COVID-19?
Do You Change the Purchasing Preference?
Can Universal Food System Survive the Lockdown?
Will Perishable Food Give Way to Non-perishable Food?
【答案】 29. B 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要说明了新冠病毒肺炎是如何影响全球食物体系的。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中 Consumer demand plays a crucial role in food production and their demands depend on purchasing power and preference. Because of the lockdown, there is no work for many people. As a result, they do not have enough money to buy adequate food for their families
.（消费者需求在食品生产中起着至关重要的作用， 他们的需求取决于购买力和偏好。由于封锁，很多人没有工作。因此，他们没有足够的钱为他们的家庭购 买足够的食物）”可知，人们会购买保质期更长的食物是因为很多人在封锁期间没有工作，没有足够的钱， 即购买力下降。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文 uHowever, workers can get infected by each other if they do not maintain social distance properly. Shortage of labor can not only ” 以及后文 “food production, but also the processing and handling of food"可知，如果劳动者不保持适当的社交距离，就有可能相互感染，所以因此造成了劳动力短缺，而 劳动力短缺不仅会阻碍食品生产，还会影响粮食的加工和处理。故画线词意思是“阻碍”。A. ； B. ;C. ;D. 。故选 B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 “The virus outbreak might slow down global trade and marketing of food. As a result, countries depending on imported food can face difficulties.（病毒爆发可能会减缓全球食品贸易和营销。因 此，依赖进口粮食的国家可能面临困难）”可推知，病毒的爆发会影响食品的进出口贸易。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中 “One possible picture is presented here to provide an idea on how Covid-19 might impact the global food system.（这里介绍了一种可能的情况，以说明新冠病毒会如何对全球粮食系统造成影响）” 结合本文讲述冠病毒对全球粮食系统的影响。故C选项“全球粮食系统能挺过封锁吗？ ”最符合文章标题。 故选Co
D
Facial recognition software has found an unlikely new application: scanning the faces of thousands of British children in school canteens.
Nine schools in North Ayrshire will today start taking lunch payments by scanning the faces of pupils, claiming that the new system speeds up queues and is more secure than the card payments and fingerprint scanners they used previously. uIf s the fastest way of recognising someone at the till,“ said David Swanston, the managing director of CRB Cunninghams, the company that installed the systems. "In a secondary school you have around a 25-minute period to serve potentially 1,000 pupils. So we need fast productivity at the point of sale." He said the average transaction time was cut to five seconds per pupil.
However, privacy campaigners say there is little need to spread out facial recognition technology, which has been criticized for often operating without gaining approvals from the owners. Swanston argued that CRB Cunningham's system, which uses cameras to check against coded face-print modes stored on servers at the schools, was different from live facial recognition systems that scan through crowds to identify faces. Live facial recognition has previously caused debate after being used by schools for security or to monitor attendance.
North Ayrshire committee said that 97 percent of children or their parents had given agreement for the new system. "Pupils often forget their PINs and unfortunately some have also been the victim of PIN cheating, so they are supportive of the planned developments and appreciate the benefits to them J the council said.
But some parents said they were unsure whether their children had been given enough information to make their decision, and suggested that peer pressure had also played a role.
What can we infer from Swanston^ word?
He speaks highly of the system.
The software is intended to promote the sales.
The technology has previously caused debate.
The system will be helpful when the students forget their PINs.
What is not the advantage of the facial recognition software?
It speeds up the queues.
It is safer than the previous payments.
It operates without being approved of.
It benefits the pupils who often forget their PINs.
What's the author's attitude to the application of facial recognition technology?
A. Supportive B. Disapproved
C. Objective D. Critical
What does this passage mainly talk about?
Facial recognition has been the best way adopted so far.
Parents disagree with the application of facial recognition system.
The facial recognition system can benefit the pupils who are forgetful.
Schools speed up canteen queues with facial recognition technology.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人脸识别技术在学生食堂的使用，以及人们对这项技术使用的评 价。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段 David Swanston 所说的话 “It's the fastest way of recognising someone at the till"（它是在收银台最快的辨别某个人的方法。）可知，在David Swanston看来这项面部识别技术是最快捷 的，这是在描述这项人脸识别技术的优点，高度赞美其公司的产品。故选A。
[33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段 u North Ayrshire committee said that 97 percent of children or their parents had given agreement for the new system.”（北艾尔郡委员会说97%的孩子和他们的父母都对这个新系统表示赞同。）可 知，这项系统的实施是有人赞同的。所以C项描述和文章意思不一致，是错误的。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。第一段介绍了面部识别技术运用于学校食堂这一现象；第二段Swanston介绍该面部识别系统 的特征；第三段是介绍privacy campaigners的质疑及Swanston的说明；第四段和第五段分别陈述了家长和 学生们对此面部识别系统的不同观点。综上所述，全篇作者都在客观陈述各方的不同观点，所以作者的观 点是客观的。故选C。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第——段 “Facial recognition software has found an unlikely new application: scanning the faces of thousands of British children in school canteens."（人脸识别软件已经发现了一个不可能的新功能：在学校食 堂扫描数千名学生的脸。）可知，本文主要讲述人脸识别技术在学生食堂的使用，加快了学生买饭的速度。 故选Do
第二节（共5小题；，）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People Are People
Globalization has brought different cultures together in a way unimaginable one hundred years ago. Today, Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Africans, Anglos, and Hispanics may all work in the same offices, attend the same schools or live in the same neighborhoods. As cultures meet with each other, many differences stand out. 36
We want to show, however, that there is more to these cultures than diversity. Let's take examples of the following old proverbs.
“Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.”
“One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.
“Be honest to those who are honest and those who are not honest.”
“A sacrifice is spoiled by a lie and the merit of devotion by an act of cheating.^^
37 These seem to be a sort of cultural unity.
We don't want to imply all cultures are the same. Cultural diversity is real, and people from different cultures view many situations in different ways. 38 They are justice, courage, patience, generosity, equality, mercy, kindness, respect for the elders and many more. Lying and stealing appear to be wrong no matter where you go. Perhaps some cultures make room for extenuating circumstances more than others; perhaps different cultures apply these virtues in different ways; and when values are inconsistent, different cultures may place different levels of importance on them. 39 But both cultures may still value both.
To us, it seems as if there is some sort of code of right and wrong that everyone in the world seems to understand, regardless of