论等同原则在专利侵权中的认定.doc

专利侵权认定中等同原则的适用
摘要
当今科学技术发展迅速,专利技术的承继性决定了大部分专利之间差别较小,多数时候专利的创新就在微妙之处,法官如何更加准确地判定专利侵权将变得更为重要。在专利侵权中,完全一摸一样地照搬他人发明较为少见,而更多的是行为人将专利权利要求的部分必要技术特征稍作替换得出实质性等同的技术,如果采用全面覆盖原则来判定此类侵权行为则显然支撑不足,因为全面覆盖原则强调专利权利要求中的每一项技术特征以字面上一一对应并完全相同的方式体现在被控侵权的产品或方法之中,是一种完全的字面侵权。运用等同原则,若权利要求中的技术特征以实质性等同的方式体现在被控侵权的产品或方法中,也认定为专利侵权,对等同原则进一步分析和研究在专利侵权认定中具有重要意义。等同原则是判定专利侵权的重要原则,我国《专利法》虽然还没有专门规定等同原则的条款,但是在司法实践中等同原则已获得广泛运用,其主要是各法院法官在实践操作中应用于专利侵权判定的一系列方式、方法、规则总结而成的。
本文详细论述了专利侵权的概念,并由此引出等同侵权,在简述了等同原则在各国的发展后,介绍了中国等同原则在专利侵权认定中的适用方式,结合一些实践操作中的典型案例,总结了判断侵权的时间基点、等同原则认定的主体、等同侵权的判定标准、等同原则各要件的适用顺序,等同原则适用的限制。文章结尾还阐述了关于等同原则发展的思考,对统一等同原则标准的观点表示质疑,等同原则类似于证据规则本是一项应用性原则,在不同种类的案件、不同领域的案件处理方式有所不同,也是需要法官在具体案件中发挥主观能动性来判定的,无需立法、司法界订立统一的标准来量化等同原则的适用。
关键词:专利专利侵权等同原则
Abstract
The principle of equivalents is a important principles in patent infringement in China, the rules has been made by the legislative and judicial provisions is only a few, Using this principle is mainly in the practical operation by the judges in patent infringement cases in a series of ways, methods, rules . This paper discusses the concept of patent infringement, and thus leads to the principle of equivalents, the history of the principle of equivalents in countries, the analysis of some practical cases, typical operations. paring the applications of the principle of equivalents in the actual cases in different countries, we can summarize that the method of using the principle of equivalents in the patent infringement and fully illustrate the principles of the practice of the same way, describes the principles of the present stage the same basic meaning and mode of operation.
From the content of paper, the paper outlines the basic meaning of the principle of equivalents, described several kinds of equivalent infringement in the patent infringement, the principle of equivalents in patent infringement in case judgments, including the judging time to determine whether infringement is exist, criteria of equivalents of the principle of equivalents, th