恶心呕吐.ppt

恶心与呕吐
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and Vomiting
Definition of Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea :the inclination or feeling of imminent desire to vomit, usually felt in the throat or epi-gastrum. Associated with decreased activity of the stomach.
Vomiting: the forceful oral expulsion of gastric contents via retro-peristalsis.
Nausea-Vomiting: simultaneity or separateness
恶心:紧迫欲吐,通常伴有上腹不适和迷走兴奋的临床征候群。
呕吐:胃和/或小肠内容物经食管和口腔排除体外
恶心和呕吐常伴随存在,也可单独出现!
病因
1. Reflective vomiting 反射性呕吐
vomiting 中枢性呕吐
3. Neurological vomiting 神经性呕吐
Reflective vomiting (反射性呕吐)
咽部刺激
胃十二指肠疾病
胆道疾病
肠道疾病
肝胆疾病
腹膜肠系膜
全身性疾病(五官、心血管、泌尿、盆腔…)
Pharyngeal Mechanisms
Gastrointestinal Mechanisms
Disease of biliary tract
Peritoneal and mesentery
the five ans
Cardiovascular diseases
kidney
Pelvic
Gastrointestinal Mechanisms
肝、胆、胰腺
其他
Intra-cranial infection
Cerebrovascular disorders
Craniocerebral injury
Epilepsy
Metabolic disorders
Drugs
Central vomiting (中枢性呕吐)
颅内感染
脑血管疾病
颅脑损伤
癫痫
全身疾病(尿毒症、肝昏迷、糖尿病代谢紊乱)