Chapter 2 Phonology The terminology ics (1) phonology phonemics phonology (2) study of speech sounds ics ics: the study of phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s language. Speech Production (Speaker) transmitted in the air Speech Perception (Hearer)
The process of speech production and perception Subdivisions: articulatory ics —how to produce speech sounds auditory ics —studies how the sounds are perceived by the hearer acoustic ics —studies the way speech sounds are transmitted in the air (using spectrographs, analyze sound waves) . The ans The articulatory apparatus of human beings are contained in the important areas or cavities: the pharyngeal cavity —the throat the oral cavity —the mouth the nasal cavity —the nose The ans . Production of a sound Oral cavity Nasal cavity Uvular pharyngeal cavity (glottis, vocal cords) (through windpipes) (air) lungs . Transcription of sounds Standard and internationally accepted system of ic transcription—the International ic Alphabet (IPA). A list of symbols are used to transcribe the sounds. The vowels
The consonants English vowels (monophthongs and diphthongs) i: beat i bit e bet æ bat ǝ another ɜ: burn u: moon ʊ put ɔ: sword ɒ lot ɑ: car ʌ but ei say ai buy ɔi boy ǝu so aʊ noãw iǝ peer eǝ pair ʊǝ poor
