一、不定式的句法功能 1. 作主语:To see is to believe. It is quite right for you to give up smoking right away. 2. 作宾语:He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study spoken English by watching movies. 3. 作表语:To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 4. 作宾语补足语:He asked me to do the work with him together. 5. 作定语:He is looking for a room to live in. 6. 作状语:We were very excited to see you. (原因) He hurried to the school only to find nobody there. (结果) To stay with her for a while, you would find her a very kind lady. (条件) I came here to see you. (目的) In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard. (目的) Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? (结果) We ran all the way so as not to be late for the concert. (目的) 7. 作主语补足语:Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes. The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday. 二、不定式的时态和语态 主动 被动 一般 to do to be done 进行 to be doing / 完成 to have done to have been done 完成进行 to have been doing / 1. 一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在谓语动词动作之后发生。 主动:I saw him enter the room. He was seen to enter the room. 被动:I was invited to the party to be held in the roof garden. 2. 进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行。 主动:They seemed to be eating something. I am very glad to be working with you. 。 主动:I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long. I heard you have finished your work. Tom was heard to have finished his work. 被动:The song seems to have been sung for many times. ,在谓语动词所代表的动作之前一直在进行 主动:The students are said to have been studying for almost two hours without a break. They are quite happy to have been staying with us till now. 三、三点注意 1. 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。如: He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 2. 不定式用在下面动词后作宾语补足语时,不定式不带to,如:I often hear him sing the song. 但是
