词汇学4-词的构成.ppt

Word Formation (II)
Overview
Blending
Clipping
Acronym
Backformation
Other sources of new words
Blending: combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word
flush (flash &blush) smog (smoke &fog)
1. head + tail : autocide, motel
2. head + head: comsat (communations satellite)
(edy)
3. head + word: medicare, Eurasia
4. word + tail: lunarnaut, workfare
Clipping: shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead
1. front clipping:
quake (earthquake), phone (telephone)
2. back clipping:
dorm (dormitory), memo (memorandum)
3. fron and back clipping:
flu (influenza), fridge (refrigerator)
4. Phrase clipping: pub (public house), pop
Note: changes in spelling and pronunciation
fridge, bike, mike, coke
Acronymy: joining the initial letters of names of social and anization or special noun phrases and technical terms
1. Initialisms: pronounced letter by letter
VOA, BBC, UFO
2. Acronyms: pronounced as a normal word
NATO, AIDS,TESOL,IELTS
Note: Some acronyms are formed with the initial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second.
G-man, V-day
Back-formation: removing the supposed suffixes
editor---edit butler--- butle
1. abstract nouns
diagnose diagnosis
donate donation
enthuse enthusiasm
emote emotion
2. Human nouns
loaf loafer
burgle burglar
beg beggar
sculpt sculptor
3. Compound nouns and others
merrymake merrymaking
babysit babysitter
4. Adjectives
drowse drowsy
laze lazy
Traditional Sources of New Words
Words From Proper Names
Reduplication
Neoclassical Formation
Miscellaneous
Words from Proper Nouns
Another minor type of word-formation is the coinage mon words from proper names. The transition from proper names mon words is a gradual one. e from all sources, from names of scientists, politicians and statesmen to trade marks, and place names. Some have originated from characters in literature, TV films and movies, but some e from book titles.
Words from Prope