曼昆经济学原理 1.doc

曼昆经济学原理Chapter 10
Externalities
1
2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied scanned or duplicated in whole or in part except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use
Externalities
Externality
The pensated impact of one persons actions on the well-being of a bystander
Market failure
Negative externality
Impact on the bystander is adverse
Positive externality
Impact on the bystander is beneficial
2
2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied scanned or duplicated in whole or in part except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use
Externalities
Market equilibrium
Inefficient allocation of resources
Buyers and sellers neglect the external effects of their actions when deciding how much to demand or supply
Fails to imize the total benefit to society as a whole
Government
Protects the interests of bystanders
3
2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied scanned or duplicated in whole or in part except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use
Externalities Market Inefficiency
Welfare economics a recap
Dema