英语音标发音规则表及相关说明.doc

英语音标发音表
英语国际音标共48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。对于初学者来说,若采用集中教学,要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。确实不易。笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法,即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。
国际音标(英语语音)
元音
单元音
前元音
[i:]
[i]
[e]
[æ]

中元音
[ʌ]
[ə:]
[ə]


后元音
[u:]
[u]
[ɔ:]
[ɔ]
[a:]
双元音
开合双元音
[ei]
[ai]
[ɔi]
[əu]
[au]
集中双元音
[iə]
[εə]
[uə]


辅音
爆破音
清辅音
[p]
[t]
[k]


浊辅音
[b]
[d]
[g]


摩擦音
清辅音
[f]
[s]
[ʃ]
[θ]
[h]
浊辅音
[v]
[z]
[ʒ]
[ð]

破擦音
清辅音
[tʃ]
[tr]
[ts]


浊辅音
[dʒ]
[dr]
[dz]


鼻音
(浊辅音)
[m]
[n]
[ŋ]


舌则音
(浊辅音)
[l]
[r]



半元音
(浊辅音)
[w]
[j]



英语音标的发间规则

1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。例:be,he。
2)以辅音字母(r 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。例:make,like。
* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。


以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,
称为闭音节。例:map,desk,is。
* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。

字母a,e,i,o,u 在重读音节中的读法
1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
he she me
piece receive ceiling
2) [i] 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) [æ] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ə:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ə] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [ʌ] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lun