英语语音-音标.pptx

英语语音
By Yanan DONG
What is syllable?
A syllable is a word part and the basic unit of English rhythm. English words can have one, two, three or even more syllables. In the word ‘driveway’, there are two syllables. In the sentence ‘Drive him away’, there are four.
A syllable consists of three parts:
The onset, the peak & the coda
Peak: a syllable must contain; usually formed by a vowel, and /l/ /m/ /n/…
Onset: maybe absent; formed by consonants or consonants cluster.
Coda: maybe absent; formed be consonants or consonants cluster.
Eg:
Sit /sit/ written /ritn/ a /ə/
/s/--onset /r/ --onset /ə/ --peak
/i/--peak /i/ --peak
/t/--coda /t/ --coda
/n/--peak
Syllable & Stressed Syllable
What is a syllable?
A word part and the basic unit of English rhythm
What is a stressed syllable?
ba NAAAA na
Syllable 1 Syllable 2 Syllable 3
(short) (long) (short)
What is stress?
In English words with more than one syllable, one of them will receive more stress than the others. Stressed syllables are those that are marked in the dictionary as stressed. For example, in the word ‘driveway’, the first syllable is a stressed syllable while the second syllable is not.
Stressed syllables in English are usually longer, louder, and higher in pitch.
Stressed Syllables & Unstressed Syllables
Stressed syllables are strong syllables.
Unstressed syllables are weak syllables.
Stressed syllables:
are long
have a pitch change
have full vowel sounds.
Unstressed syllables:
are short
often have a reduced vowel sound.
English Consonants
1. Stops/Plosives - English has six bursts or explosive sounds produced plete closure of the vocal tract followed by a rapid release of the closure - 'p', 't', 'k', 'b', 'd', 'g'.
2. Fricatives - English has nine fricatives - weak or strong friction noises produced when the articulators are close enough together to cause turbulence in the airflow.
3. Affricates - English has two affricates - plosives released with frication - "church" and "judge".
4. Nasa