餐厨垃圾厌氧沼气发电工艺设计.doc

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餐厨垃圾厌氧沼气发电工艺设计
设计总说明
随着国民经济的增长和餐饮行业的持续发展,我国每年的餐厨垃圾产量也在不断增加。目前,广州市日产生活垃圾超过17000 t,其中餐厨垃圾达4000~5000 t, ~。按此计算,×106 t。
如果将餐厨垃圾直接收集后运至养猪场喂猪,餐厨垃圾中的各种病菌会经过生物链传播,从而影响人体健康。将餐厨垃圾经简单处理后排至下水管道,则易造成较大的污染,导致细菌和病毒的滋生。将餐厨垃圾直接填埋的成本低,但会占用大量土地,且伴随而来的大量潲水威胁着水资源安全,而排放出来的沼气也会加重大气污染。而目前较为有效的餐厨垃圾处理方法是以发酵制沼气和用于发电工艺的综合处理法。
本设计的餐厨垃圾采用厌氧发酵沼气发电的工艺。餐厨垃圾经过预处理后经厌氧发酵产生沼气和沼渣,沼气利用于发电使用,沼渣和沼液便用于生产肥料出售,解决了处理后副产品对于环境的污染,且有回收效益。其中部分沼液可回流用于厌氧发酵前的接种处理,已达到回收利用的效果。主要设备有厌氧发酵罐、沼气净化系统、沼气储气罐和沼气发电设备等。
关键词:餐厨垃圾,厌氧发酵,沼气净化,沼气发电,工艺设计
General Specification of Design
With the national economic growth and sustainable development of the catering industry, China's annual food waste production is also increasing. At present, Nissan’s domestic waste in Guangzhou over 17000 t, where food waste up to 4000 ~ 5000 t, accounting for ~ garbage. On this basis, the annual production of Guangzhou City, food waste is not less than × 106 t.
If the food waste collected and transported directly to the pig farm pigs, food waste in a variety of bacteria can spread through the food chain, thus affecting human health. Will simply prepared food waste discharged to sewer, could easily lead to greater pollution, leading to the breeding of bacteria and viruses. The low cost of food waste directly to the landfill, but it will take up a lot of land, and is panied by a large number of Shaoshui threaten water security, and will increase methane emissions from air pollution. At present, more effective method is based on the fermentation of food waste treatment biogas for power generation technology and integrated approach.
The design of the kitchen waste biogas using anaerobic fermentation process. After pretreatment of food waste by anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas and biogas, biogas utilization in electricity generation, biogas and biogas will be sold for the production of fertilizers, to solve the processing byproducts for pollution of the e