工业革命给我们带来了什么.ppt

The Nature of Science
2010 Virginia Science SOL
Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him and calls the adventure Science.
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UNDERSTANDABLE
THE NATURAL WORLD IS
The Natural World is Understandable
The natural world is understandable through the careful collection and critical analysis of empirical evidence.
Every discipline in modern science has derived its principles and paradigms through this process.
Example/Illustration
Each year billions of dollars are spent by business, political, and other interests to find out what people believe to be true about a given topic. Rather than asking what people believe to be true, it might be more informative to ask how they arrived at this decision and what criteria were involved.
 
In fact, people use a variety of “truth filters”(Toffler, 2006, p. 123) to guide them in making decisions in their personal and professional lives. For example, when deciding which movie to see or book to purchase, a person might use a “consensus” filter.
 
“Authority” is another often used “truth filter” and relates to the importance bestowed upon the opinions and beliefs of influential people. Whether earned or not - we tend to place more weight on the viewpoints of people and institutions which represent authority. National newscasters, essful entrepreneurs, political leaders, respected print and news media, and movie stars are just a few of the authorities people currently look to for truth.
Example/Illustration
Truth can also be inherited. If a fact, story, or opinion has been around for a long time then it is more likely to be believed because it has withstood the rigors of time. “For most of us today it is hard to appreciate just how important inherited truth was before the Enlightenment and the industrial revolution”(Toffler, 2006, p. 126).
 
This brings us to science as a “truth filter. “Of all these various criteria [for determining truth], science is probably the one we rely on