学术英语写作总结-学术英语写作总结.doc

专业英语写作考点总结
Part І Academic English Writing (专业英语写作)
Chapter 1 Six Considerations in Academic Writing
Academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose,
organization, style, flow and presentation.
(学术写作六要素:写作对象,目的,组织结构,文体特征,表达连贯和宣讲
或宣读)。
Organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分
description of a situation (描述情况)
Identification of a problem (甄别问题)
Description of a solution (描述解决方法)
Evaluation of the solution (评估解决方法)
Formal Grammar Style:(正规的语法风格)
(1) Generally avoid contractions (一般来讲避免使用略缩词)
例:won’t改为will not
Use the more appropriate formal negative forms (使用更为适宜的正规的否定
形式)
例:not...any改为no not...much改为little not...many改为few
Limit the use of “run-on” expressions, such as and so forth and etc. (限制使用
多个词连用的表达法)
例:句子内不能出现and so 。
Avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing a
textbook or other instructional materials). (避免向读者说“你”)
例:You can see the results in Table 1.
改为:The results can be seen in Table 1.
Be careful about using direct questions. In some fields they mon, while in
others they are not. (使用直接引语时需谨慎)
例:What can be done to lower costs?
改为: It is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered.
或者 We now need to consider how costs may be lowered.
Place adverb within the verb. (将副词放于动词词组内)
例:This model was developed by Krugman originally.
改为:This model was originally developed by Krugman.
Consider whether you should split infinitives.(考虑是否该使用割裂不定式)
例:We need to adequately meet the needs of those enrolled in the program.
Aim for an efficient use of words. (目的是为了有效地使用词汇)
例:There are some anic materials that can be used by bioengineers in the
process of tissue engineering that have been shown to be very promising.
改为:Some anic materials used in tissue engineering have shown great
promise.
习题:
You can use this model to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.
错误:使用了you。
改为:This model can be