SOD的研究进展综述.docx

超氧化物歧化酶的研究进展
学生:杨青青
生命科学院10级研究生
摘要:超氧化物歧化酶是一种广泛存在于生物体内各个组织中的重要金属酶,是一种能够特异性清除机体代谢过程中产生的自由基的抗氧化酶,近年来成为化学、生物学、医学、日用化工、食品科学和畜牧兽医学等多个学科领域研究的热点。深入研究SOD及其与机体内铜、锌、铁、锰等元素代谢的关系,不仅有着重要的理论意义,而且具有重要的实用价值。本文将从其来源、种类和分布、结构和理化特性、作用机理及生理功能、SOD基因的克隆和表达、分离纯化、制备开发应用等方面进行综述,并探讨和分析了目前存在的问题及应用前景,旨在为超氧化物歧化酶的研究、开发、应用提供参考。
关键词:超氧化物歧化酶;基因克隆;蛋白表达;分离;纯化;应用
Research Advances in Superoxide Dismutase
Student: Yang Qing-Qing
10 graduate student, School of life science, Shanghai University
Abstract: Superoxide dismutase is an importance metal enzyme of widely various tissues in vivo, which is an antioxidant enzymes can specifically remove free radicals produced during metabolism and has been an inquiring hot spots in many fields such as chemistry, biology, medicine, daily chemical industry, food science and animal husbandry and veterinary science and so on in recent years. It not only has an important theoretical significance but is of an important practical value to study the relationship between SOD and the elementary metabolism of cup rum (Cu), zine (Zn), ferrum (Fe) and manganese (Mn). This article will not only summarize from its source, type and distribution, structure and physicochemical properties, function mechanisms and physiology functions, SOD gene cloning and expression, purification development applications but also analyze and discuss the problems and prospects of the future aiming at providing reference for the research, development and application of
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Key words: Superoxide dismutase; Gene cloning; Protein expression; Isolation; Purification; Application
前言
氧的某些代谢产物及其衍生的含氧物质都是直接或间接由氧转化而成的。由于它们都含有氧,而且具有较活泼的化学反应特性,遂统称为活性氧(Active oxygen species,AOS)[1]。包括超氧根离子O2-、氢氧根离子OH-、经自由基
(·OH)过氧化氢H2O2、单线态氧(1O2) 和过氧化物自由基(ROO-)。它们可导致膜脂过氧化、碱基突变、链的断裂和蛋白质的损伤,等。植物体在正常生长条件下也能产生少量的O2-,它主要来源于线粒体的电子转移系统、光合作用,以及一些氧化还原酶的产物[2]。但在正常的生理情况下,活性氧在不断产生,也不断地被清除,因而不会造成自由基对机体的损伤。
活性氧在植物体内的清除由保护酶和抗氧化物质来完成。保护酶主要是超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)等