英语语法.doc

英语语法:主谓一致精讲:

主谓一致精讲:
谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致,就叫主谓一致。如:
1)        I am a doctor.   is a scientist.  They are teachers.
2)        I have two brothers.  He has one sister.
3)        There is only one box on the table.
4)        There are 50 students in our class.  
5)        We do morning exercises every day.
6)        She often does her homework in the evening.
但如果主语不是单一的,或主语名词的数比较特殊时,其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致,意念一致或就近原则来确定,如:
1)        主语由and或both…and连结,谓语用复数。
2)        主语是单数,尽管后面带有as well as, rather than, like, but, except, besides, with, along, together with, including 等连结的名词,根据语法一致的原则,谓语用单数。
3)        连词or,either…or(或者…或者…;要么…要么…), neither…nor(既不…也不…;两者都不…), whether…or, not…but also(既不…也不), not but 连结并列主语,谓语的数依据就近原则确定,即与谓语靠近的那个名词是复数,谓语动词就用复数;若是单数,谓语也用单数。如:
You or I am going to meet them at the airport.
 Was he or you in the next room just now?
 Neither his parents nor his wife is at home.
4)在each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…, 的结构中,谓语动词用单数。
5)either, neither, each, one. The other, another, anybody, no one, nothing等做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:Either of the boys is ready.         Neither of these words is correct.
6). A lot of, lots of 等+名词构成的主语,谓语动词的数依据主语部分中后面的名词的数而定,如:A lot of students are waiting outside. A lot of food is wasted.
7) a number of +复数名词作主语,谓语用复数;the number o