英语语法知识框架总结.doc

英语语法知识框架总结
一词法:名词,代词,冠词,数词,形容词,副词,动词, 介词, 连词,
感叹词
: 实词: 在句子中能够独立充当句子成分的称作实词。
实词: 名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,动词
虚词: 在句子中不能够单独使用充当句子成分的称之为虚词。
虚词:冠词,介词, 连词,感叹词
:英语中共有16个时态,常见的是八种时态
一般现在时 do/ does
一般过去时 did
现在进行时: am/ is/ are doing
过去进行时: was/ were doing
一般将来时: will do
过去将来时: would do
现在完成时: have/ has done
过去完成时: had done
时态它主要研究的是: 时间状语与谓语动词之间的关系。
: 主动语态、被动语态
主动语态: 句子中的主语是谓语动词的发出者。
被动语态: 句子中的主语是谓语动词的承受者。
语态它主要研究的是: 主语与谓语动词之间的关系。而这种关系就是主动,和被动的关系。
句法:
:主语谓语宾语表语定语状语同位语
2. 句子种类:1) 按照句子的成分划分,英语中的句子种类共分为三种:
(1) 简单句:含有一套主谓结构的句子,称之为简单句。
简单句的句子结构共分五种:
主语+ 谓语 He came here yesterday.
主语+系动词+表语 Seeing is Believing.
主语+谓语+宾语 He dreamed I was in a beautiful house,
主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 She gave me a book.
She gave a book to me.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(宾语的复合结构)
He found the room empty.
They named their child Jack.
Why do you often leave your bag at school.
(2)并列句:
由并列连词连接两个,或两个以上的简单句叫做并连句.
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
从形式上,由分号连接的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。
Some are like fishes; some are like boats; some are like birds.
(3)复合句:由从属连词连接具有主从关系的句子,叫做复合句。
名词性从句: 主语从句: What I need is the money.
宾语从句:Do you know what happened yesterday?
表语从句: That is what I want to tell you.
同位语从句: I have no idea where they spending their holidays.
定语从句(形容词性从句): The man you met yesterday is my friend.
状语从句( 副词性从句) :
时间状语从句: When I was you