《说文解字》误释类型研究.doc

中文摘要
《说文解字》是我国最早的一部字典,也是文字学史上一部煌煌巨
著,在中国语文学史上占着非常重要的地位。但《说文解字》也有它的
历史局限,我们不能把它视为圭臬绝学,把它对每个字的具体分析都视
为绝对真理,不可改变。历代学者对《说文解字》中存在的误释问题一
直非常重视,纠正、拾补、勘误、商榷之著述甚多。我们通过收集匡补
《说文解字》的著述就会发现,它们大多数是对单个字的形、音、义进
行考正,而没有对《说文解字》的误释类型进行归纳和总结。本文试图
选取典型字例对《说文解字》的误释类型做一次比较系统的梳理和考正。
本文根据前贤今人的研究成果,参考各种古文字论著及工具书,全
面考察了《说文解字》的误释字800多个,从中选出后世仍有书证的32
个典型字例作为考释对象。对于这32个字例,本文不只是归纳其类型,
而且还逐个进行形义考正。对于有争议的字例,通过考正其古文字形体,
结合各家之言给出倾向性意见;没有争议的,则通过梳理给出定论,从
而比较全面地总结出《说文解字》的误释类型。
本文归纳出《说文解字》的误释有七种:形义分析全误的;字形分
析有误的;字义分析不确的;字例本身的分析都正确,只是对其小篆、
或者是古文、籀文的分析有误的;字的归属不确的;将不成字部首作为
成字来分析的;引通人说有误的。
关键词:《说文解字》,误释,类型,字形,字义
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