汽车常见故障论文.doc

2013届专科毕业设计(论文)
题目:发动机基本常见故障诊断与排除
班级: 2011级
学号:2011DBH04061
姓名: 谭宇飞
指导教师: 罗东雨
2013年3月
发动机基本常见故障诊断与排除
学生姓名: 彭德飞
学号: 2011DBH04061
所在函授站:长沙理工大学柳州函授站
班级: 2011级
指导教师: 何允萍
完成日期: 2013年3月
目录
1发动机的总体构造和作用······················1
发动机组成·····················································1
发动机的作用·················································1
2曲柄连杆机构的常见故障诊断与排除························2
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3配气机构的检查与调整····································3
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4燃料供给系常见故障与排除································4
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5润滑系常见故障··········································5
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6冷却系的常见故障与排除··································6
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6
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参考文献··················································7
致谢······················································8
发动机基本常见故障诊断与排除
摘要
本文简述了汽油发动机的常见故障与排除方法,如曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、燃料供给系、润滑系、冷却系的故障诊断与排除。主要对润滑系作了详细的讲解。
关键词:配气机构、点火系、润滑系
1发动机的总体构造和作用
发动机组成
现代汽车发动机是一部由许多机构和系统组成的复杂机器,其结构形式多种多样。例如,现在最广泛使用的采用汽油和柴油作为燃料的往复活塞式发动机,其具体构造也千差万别,但由于基本工作原理相同,所以其基本结构也就大同小异。汽油机通常由曲柄连杆、配气两大机构和燃料供给、润滑、冷却、点火、起动五大系统组成。
发动机的作用
发动机的作用是使供入其中的燃料燃烧而发出动力。大多数汽车都采用往复活塞式内燃机(由于现代科技的高速发展,汽车发动机除了有内燃机外,还有了燃料电池式发动机,蓄电池式电动机等,我们将在以后的新技术里面介绍),它一般是由机体、曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、供给系、冷却系、润滑系、点火系(汽油发动机采用)、起动系等部分组成。如图-1。
图-1发动机的总体构造
2曲柄连杆机构的常见故障诊断与排除
曲柄连杆机构的故障属于机械类故障,此类故障大多数是以异响出现的,异响是由于曲柄连杆机构运动机件的自然磨损和老化,使零件相互配合间隙增大和磨损,在运动中由于振动和相互撞击而发