研究生英语课程unit3.doc

Unit 3
Text A
II. Language points
1. The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end. (Para. 1)The utilitarian principle is that happiness is worth obtaining and is the only thing worth obtaining as a purpose; all other things being so only as a way to obtain happiness.
2. What ought to be required of this doctrine, what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill, to make good its claim to be believed? (Para. 1)What requirements should this principle meet, what are the necessary conditions this principle should plish to make its claim good for people to believe?
requisite a. required by circumstances or necessary for ess
. Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada?
have/lack the requisite capital to start a business
3. In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it. (Para. 2)Likewise, I think the only evidence we can possibly offer to prove anything to be desirable is that people do actually desire it.
apprehend v. grasp the meaning of (sb./sth.); understand
. Do I apprehend you aright, . Do you mean what I think you mean?
sole a. one and only; single
. the sole cause of the accident
the sole survivor of the crash
4. If the end which the utilitarian doctrine proposes to itself were not, in theory and in practice, acknowledged to be an end, nothing could ever convince any person that it was so. (Para. 1)If the purpose which the utilitarian doctrine itself intends to fulfill were not accepted to be a purpose both in theory and in practice, then nothing could ever make anyone believe that it was so.
5. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness. (Para. 2)We can give no reason why the general happiness is desirabl