大学化学1-2ok.ppt

Chapter 1: Chemistry is a Science of Change
A water molecule is consisted of one oxygen (氧) atom and two hydrogen (氢) atoms.
A cup of water contains about 1024 water molecules.
Chemistry is the study of how atoms (原子) combine to form materials. (化学是研究原子组合成材料的科学)
How many different types of atom: 114 so far.
They are listed (according to their structure and properties) in the periodic table (元素周期表).
Period
Group
Alkali Metal
Noble Gas
Halogen
Alkali Earth Metal

Some atoms link together to form molecules (分子) and molecules anized to form materials.
So Chemistry can also be defined as the study of matter and the transformations it can go. (化学是研究物质和物质转变的科学)
Now millions of molecules have been found or synthesized (合成), and they form plexity of the earth and the life.
The materials can be alloys, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, polymers, computer chips, DNA, and more.
Chemistry is a central science useful to our lives
Most of the material items in any modern house are shaped by some human-devised chemical process.
Chemistry and Materials Science
B-2战略轰炸机
每架造价高达22亿美元的B-2战略轰炸机,是世上迄今最昂贵的飞机。机身采用翼身融合、无尾翼的飞翼构形,机翼前缘交接于机头处,机翼后缘呈锯齿形。机身机翼大量采用石墨-碳纤维复合材料、蜂窝状结构,表面有吸波涂层,发电机的喷口置于机翼上方。这种独特的外形设计和材料,能有效地躲避雷达的探测,达到良好的隐形效果.
Chemistry: A Science for the 21st Century
Materials and Technology
Polymers, ceramics, liquid crystals
Room-temperature superconductors?
puting?
Food and Agriculture
ically modified crops
“Natural” pesticides
Specialized fertilizers

Chemistry and Biological Science
DNA Double Helix
Chemistry and Environmental Science
1995年诺贝尔化学奖授予三位大气环境化学家[墨西哥] Molina、[美] Rowland、[荷兰] Crutzen。他们首先提出了平流层臭氧破坏的化学机制,包括Nox理论(Crutzen)和CFCs (Rowland和Molina) 理论。这些理论对南极“臭氧洞”的发现,并导致《蒙特利尔议定书》的签定,为保护全球环境作出了重大贡献。