罗森第九版英文《财政学》课件chap004.ppt

CHAPTER4PublicGoodsCopyright©2010bytheMcGraw-panies,-Hill/–preventinganyonefromconsumingthegoodisrelativelyeasyNonexcludable––onceprovided,theadditionalresourcecostofanotherpersonconsumingthegoodispositiveNonrival–onceprovided,theadditionalresourcecostofanotherpersonconsumingthegoodiszero0TypesofGoodsEXCLUDABLERIVALYESNOYESNOPRIVATEGOODSPUBLICMONRESOURCESNATURALMONOPOLYNoteworthyAspectsofPublicGoodsEventhougheveryoneconsumesthesamequantityofthegood,itneednotbevaluedequallybyallClassificationasapublicgoodisnotabsolute;moditieshavepublicgoodcharacteristicsPrivategoodsarenotalwaysprovidedonlybytheprivatesectorpubliclyprovidedprivategoodsPublicprovisionofagooddoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitisalsoproducedbythepublicsectorSomeOtherPublicGoodsBasicresearchProgramstofightpovertyUncongestednon-tollroadsFireworksdisplayEfficientProvisionofPrivateGoodsPriceAdam(DfA)Eve(DfA)Market(DfA+E)$11516$97310$79514$511718$313922$11511260DfADfEDfA+E0Sf$QuantityofPizza4-*ParetoEfficiency–PrivateGoodsCaseMRSfa=Pf/PaSetPa=$1MRSfa=PfDfAshowsMRSfaforAdamDfEshowsMRSfaforEveSfshowsMRTfaNecessaryconditionforParetoefficiency:MRSfaAdam=MRSfaEve=MRTfaEfficientProvisionofPublicGoodsUnitsofFireworks1234Adam(DrA)$300$250$200$150Eve(DfE)250200150100Market(DfA+E)$550$450$350$25000DrADrEDrA+ESrQuantityofFireworks$4-*