论文：甲醇氧化制甲醛.doc

摘要
甲醛是一种浓度较低的水溶液,从经济角度考虑不便于长距离运输,所以一般都在主消费市场附近设厂,进出口贸易也极少。甲醛除可直接用作消毒、杀菌、防腐剂外,主要用于有机合成、合成材料、涂料、橡胶、农药等行业。“铁钼法”工艺是以氧化铁、氧化钼等金属氧化物作为催化剂,工艺进料以低于爆炸下限的比例混合生产甲醛。“铁钼法”在工艺上采用固定床工艺,具有催化剂寿命长、反应温度低、甲醇单耗小、甲醛产品浓度高且含醇低等优点。铁钼催化剂是“铁钼法”甲醛生产工艺的核心,对其性能和改进的研究一直比较活跃。多年来,我国甲醛工业存在生产工艺和产品规格单一、装置规模过小、原料甲醇单耗偏高、技术水平差异较大等问题,经过全行业的共同努力,随着工艺设备的改进、生产技术的提高和新工艺、新技术、新设备、新材料的推广应用,都己不同程度得到改进,现已出现较好的局面。%甲醛水溶液的生产工艺初步设计,本设计采用银催化法工艺,根据设计要求对工艺流程进行了选择与论证,对整个装置进行了物料与热量的衡算,对主要设备和管道进行了设计及选型。
关键词:甲醇,甲醛,氧化,工艺,电解银
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a low concentration aqueous solution, from the economic point of view to facilitate long-distance transport, it is generally set up factories in the vicinity of the main consumer market, import and export trade is also extremely in addition can be directly used for disinfection, sterilization, preservatives, mainly used anic synthesis, synthetic materials, paints, rubber, pesticides, and other industries."Fe-Mo-O" process based on metal oxides such as iron oxide, molybdenum oxide as a catalyst to the process feed to the mixing ratio below the lower explosion limit of the production of formaldehyde. Fe-Mo in the process to a fixed-bed process, a long catalyst life, low reaction temperature, methanol consumption, high concentrations of formaldehyde products containing alcohol and low. Fe-Mo catalyst is the core of the Fe-Mo formaldehyde production process, its performance and improvement of research has been more active. Over the years, the formaldehyde industry single production process and product specifications, plant size is too small, high raw material methanol consumption, large differences in level of technology and other issues through the joint efforts of the whole industry, with the improvement of process equipment, production technology improved and new techniques, new technologies, new equipment, new materials, promote the application has varying degrees of improved now better design is primary for the manufacturing proces