眼底病、眼与全身病
北京大学人民医院眼科梁建宏
The retina
The term retina derives from the Latin word rete, meaning "net.“
Two functions:
to transduce information from an optical image into electrical signals
to process certain features of the visual world from the photoreceptor signals and relay this information to the brain via the optic nerve
视网膜的组织学结构及功能
神经上皮
色素上皮
--- vitamin A metabolism and regeneration
--- phagocytosis and degradation of shed outer segment tips
--- light absorption
--- secretion of the matrix surrounding the photoreceptor inner and outer segments,
---active transport of materials
视网膜的血液供应系统
视网膜有独特的双重血液供应系统:
脉络膜血管---供应外层视网膜
视网膜血管---供应内层视网膜
血-视网膜屏障 (Blood-retinal barrier)
Inner barrier
Outer barrier
正常眼底图
视网膜的病理
视网膜异常血管
视网膜出血
视网膜水肿
视网膜渗出
视网膜神经上皮与色素上皮分离
视网膜新生物(肿瘤)
视网膜先天发育异常
思考题
视网膜的组织结构,功能及血循环特点。
临床常见的视网膜病理改变。
视网膜血管病 Retinal Vascular Diseases
视网膜静脉阻塞
视网膜动脉阻塞
视网膜血管瘤
视网膜静脉阻塞 Retinal vein occlusion, RVO
病因:多因素致病。The precise etiology of retinal vein occlusion is not entirely clear.
a)血管壁的改变
b)血液流变性改变
c)血流动力学改变
d)其他
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