which的用法大全.doc

which的用法大全
在后置的非限制性定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或情况(单数或复数)。

在问句中作为疑问代词,在名词从句中作为连接代词用,其含义为“哪个、哪些”。
如果非限制性定语从句的先行词不是指主句内容,而是指具体的人、时间、地点,则不用which。
[解题过程] 这里主要讲解一下在定语从句中的用法:
关系代词that 和which 在定语从句中作主语和宾语,放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用。指物时,一般情况下可互换。如: Here is the pen that/which you lost yesterday.(that/which 指物作宾语) A plane is a machine that/which can fly.(that/which 指物,作主语) He is the most careful boy that I know.(that 指人,作宾语) The man that works in this room is a chemist.(that 指人,作主语)
that,which 在从句中作主语时,不能省略。作宾语时在口语中和非正式问题中经常省略。如上例1 和中的that,which 都可省略。
关系代词在主语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。 Wheat is a plant that/which is grown in the north of China.
在定语从句中,关系代词that 和which 指物时,一般没有区别,但下列几种情况中不能互换:
只能用that 的情况:
先行词为 all,everything,nothing,anything,little 等不定代词时(something 后也可用which): Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town? That’s all (that) I know.
b) 先行词被序数词所修饰时: The first thing (that) we should do is to work out a plan.
c) 先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时: This is one of the most exciting football games (that) I have ever seen. The nanjing yangtse river bridge is the longest bridge (that) they have ever seen.
d) 先行词被only,very,no,any,same,little,one of 等词所修饰时: This is the only thing (that) we can do now. He gave me the same pen (that) he borrowed from me. Do you have any books that were written by Lu Xun? This is the very book (that) I want to read.
e) 当先行词中既有人又有物时: The man and the car (that) you