·····································(2)·····································(2)·········································(2)2冶炼过程···············································(2)(热酸浸出)流图·······························(3)···································(3)·······················(3)··································(4)··································(5)··································(5)···································(6)···································(6)···································(6)···································(7)···································(7)3参考文献···································(7)湿法炼锌工艺锌概述锌主要以硫化物形态存在于自然界,氧化物形态为其次。在硫化矿中,锌的主要矿物是闪锌矿和高铁闪锌矿,它们经选矿后得到硫化锌精矿;而氧化矿主要以菱锌矿和异极锌矿为主,其它还有少量的红锌矿等。通过这些炼锌矿物生产出锌锭的工艺被分为两个大类:火法炼锌工艺和湿法炼锌工艺。而目前世界上主要炼锌方法是湿法炼锌,有80%以上的原生锌锭是通过湿法炼锌的工艺方法生产出来的。传统的湿法炼锌主要由焙烧、烟气制酸、浸出、净液、电积、熔铸等工序组成。针对浸出渣火法处理能耗高、过程复杂、劳动条件差、耐火材料消耗高等弊病冶金工作者相继研究成功了热酸浸出黄钾铁钒法、热酸浸出针铁矿法、热酸浸出赤铁矿法处理新工艺,解决了湿法炼锌长期以来的关键问题既强化了浸出过程,又简化了渣处理过程,使锌回收率大幅度提高,促进了湿法炼锌的高速发展。,研究的范围也广泛,主要是探索新的冶炼工艺和改造现有生产流程。湿法炼锌的研究发展主要有下列方面:(l废气产出,故不需制酸。整个生产工艺基建投资低,估计只有常规法的三分之。(2)1978年有人提出用亚硫酸浸出锌精矿,用二一2乙基一己基醚磷酸进行溶剂萃取的方法也是可行的,最后采用电积制取高纯度电锌,(3)对锌的氧化矿物选择醋酸浸出时,可得8%的锌回收率,而且溶液中杂质较低。通过多年探讨,对硅酸锌为主的氧化矿,以威尔兹法处理最合适,它不存在技术问题,而且经济上合算。,锌冶炼工艺,以湿法冶炼为主,火法其次,而利用的锌资源,则以硫化矿为主,氧化矿由地方小厂处理一部分,这部分数量有限,炼锌大厂像株洲冶炼厂,我国采用常规流程中最大的湿法炼锌厂,而白银西北铅锌冶炼厂锌系统,是我国采用新的黄钾铁矾法炼锌的最大冶炼厂株冶采用的常规浸出工艺,惟一的缺点是浸出渣含锌高,一般达20%-22%需要进一步用回转窑挥发焙烧,回收残余的铅锌等有价金属。因此来说相对工艺还不是很成熟。西北铅锌冶炼厂采用的工艺收益较好值得推广,但我国的湿法炼锌依旧面临以下问题劳动生产率低(2)个别工艺滞后(3)二次金属回收率低(4)研究开发力度不够,因此基于这些情况我国的湿法炼锌还有一长段路要走。、银厂沟铅锌矿,该类型矿床或矿点与小岩体暨斑岩体关系密切,斑岩体是主要的成矿母岩。下面以银厂沟铅锌矿点为例进简要叙述。银厂沟铅锌矿点位于南台销(鹤)多金属矿床南部,商州区大面河银厂沟。矿区位于宽坪群广东坪组,下部为矿化灰岩,上部为绢云绿泥石片岩。矿区内有银厂沟-罗门前逆层,为主要的控岩控矿构造,断带内有火山角砾岩、火山集块岩及花岗斑矿体产断层南侧火山集块岩上盘的角砾状灰岩中,Pb—%-2%,%;Zn:l%-3%,%。后者有7个矿体,向西南倾,
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