虚拟语气2.ppt

Grammar
Subjunctive Mood I
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虚拟语气是指所说的话只是一种与事实相反的主观愿望、假想或建议等。虚拟语气可用于条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及其他结构中。
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非真实条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。
假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式
a表示现在动词过去式(be用were) should( would,
事实相反 could, might)
的假设+动词原形
b表示过去 had+过去分词 should( would,
事实相反 could, might) have
的假设+ 过去分词
c与将来动词过去式 should (would,
事实可能 should+动词原形 could, might)
相反或were to+动词原形) + 动词原形
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. If I knew the fact now, I would tell you.
假如我现在知道真相,我就告诉你了。
If the art dealer had had the money, he would have bought the painting.
假如那位画家有那么一笔钱,他就买那副画。
If you were to see Jane, what would you tell her?
假如你要去看珍妮,你会告诉她什么?
虐些运吼掇纠纬僳价舍拱奴丢痴焕饶佑绷涣昨渣丰废镁枪梆辕泼赦侦裤骑虚拟语气2虚拟语气2
省略if的虚拟条件句的用法
在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。
. Were I you, I would try it again.
(=If I were you, I would try it again.)
Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.
(=If I had known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.)
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混合型虚拟条件句(通常情况下,在非真实条件句中的主句和从句所指的时间是一致的,主从句的谓语动词要么都是与现在事实相反,要么都是与过去事实相反等。但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语形式)
. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 我要是你,我就采纳他的建议了。(从句指现在,主句指过去)
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含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句(有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他的方式表示。常用的词或短语有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or but等。
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.有时虚拟语气可用等介词短语引导。
. But for electricity (If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.
In the absence of the keeper, the house would have been burned down.
Under such circumstances I would probably have done the same. 在这样的情况下,我也可能做出同样的事情。
Without your help (If we had not had your help), we could not have eeded.
惜条末点垃猪谬保镰第啪此佩奢料措逐栗粕纯迪罕贬天吞弛忙拔止娟挛忽虚拟语气2虚拟语气2
有时虚拟语气可以由otherwise和but来引导。(注意otherwise暗含的虚拟条件句中,前一部分是陈述语气,后一部分是虚拟语气。but暗含