第十一讲：田园短诗与田园牧歌.doc

《英美诗歌选读》课程教案第十一讲首页
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第十一讲田园短诗、田园牧歌
第一节田园短诗
田园短诗(Idyll)是描写乡村生活中平静、如画的风景和事件的诗歌。如华兹华斯的《写于三月》:
The cock is crowing,
The stream is flowing,
The small birds twitter,
The Lake doth glitter,
The green field sleeps in the sun;
The oldest and youngest
Are at work with the strongest;
The cattle are grating,
Their heads never raising;
There are forty feeding like one!
Like an army defeated
The snow hath retreated,
And now doth fare ill,
On the top of the bare hill,
The ploughboy is whooping: anon-anon;
There’s joy in the mountains;
There’s life in the fountains;
Small sky prevailing;
The rain is over and gone! 公鸡正在高唱,/ 溪水不住流淌,/ 小鸟正在啼鸣,/ 湖面满是星星,/ 沉睡着的绿野沐着阳光;/ 不管年轻年老,/ 都随壮汉操劳;/ 牛群正在进食,/ 脑袋始终低着;/ 四十头牛吃草一个样!// 积雪已经消融——/ 像败军的阵容,/ 在秃山的峰巅,/ 它正处境为难;/ 庄稼汉在叫喊:快啦!快啦;/ 山被欢乐充满;/ 泉中生意盎然;/ 云朵悠然飘荡,/ 蓝天渐渐开朗;/ 雨已经停住,雨已经不下!(黄杲炘译)
(William Wordsworth: Written in March at Brother’s Water)
诗歌中对湖水、溪水、泉水、绿野、蓝天、山顶、积雪等与雄鸡、小鸟、牛群以及劳作的男女老少相交辉映,构成了一幅美丽自然山水图。这首诗的押韵格式很有特点,一般而言,押双行韵的双行都紧挨在一起,这里押双行韵的第五行和第十行却被另外两对双行分开了。
叶芝的《茵尼斯弗利岛》描写的就是一个世外桃源:
I will rise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:
Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,
And live alone in the bee-loud glade.
And I shall have some peace there, for es dropping slow,
Dropping from