New Directions in Machine Translation Introduction
陳惠群
中央研究院語言所/資訊所
10/22/1998
1
Why MT Matters?
Economics
Costs/ Quality/ Turnaround
Many MT developers, customers, and sponsors have already invested a lot for years.
Politics
Multi-lingual Countries / Minority Languages
Intelligence Gathering
Governments / Companies / Individuals
Research
AI / CS / Linguistics / Psychology / and so on
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Recent Trends
PC-based MT Systems
Online MT Services, MT on Demand
Email, Web pages, Uploads
Sub-language MT Systems
Dialog-based (Speech-to-Speech) MT puter-Assisted Translation
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Classifying MT Systems
Operations
Fully-Automatic MT
Semi-automatic puter-Assisted Translation (CAT-Tools)
Input
Unrestricted Texts
Restricted Texts ( Manuals) / MT in mind
Sub-languages / Controlled languages
Quality
High / Low / Acceptable / Applicable / Readable
How to evaluate a MT system?
Strategies (see next page)
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4
MT Strategies
Fundamentals
Direct Translation MT
Transfer-based MT
Interlingua MT
Linguists vs. Empiricists
New Strategies
Knowledge-based MT
Example-based MT
Statistics-based MT
Hybrid MT
Japanese manufacturers know well that a single linguistic theory cannot lead to a good MT system. They realize that a huge amount of language phenomena must be processed in an ad-hoc manner. (M. Nagao)
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Direct MT
Simple syntactic analysis
(disambiguation)
Bilingual lexicon
(word-by-word translation)
Re-ordering rules
Source Text
Target Text
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Transfer-based MT
SL-TL lexicon & transfer rules
ST analysis
Source Text (ST)
Target Text (TT)
structure transfer
TT generation
TT Structure
ST Structure
SL grammar & lexicon
TL grammar & lexicon
SL - source language; TL - target language
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Interlingua-based MT
ST analysis
Source Text (ST)
Target Text (TT)
Interlingua representation (+SL-TL lexicon)
TT generation
SL grammar & lexicon
TL grammar & lexicon
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Knowledg
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