构词法小解.doc

按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法,叫构词法(Wordformation/WordBuilding)。从词的形态结构来看,英语单词的构成方式主要有:position)、转化法(Conversion),派生法(Derivation/Affixation词缀法)和缩略法(Abbreviation)。1、position):把两个或两相以上独立的词合成一个新词。(1)合成名词名词/代词+名词:spaceship宇宙飞船blood-test验血she-wolf母狼classroom;newspaper;silkworm;bloodtest;he-goat;名词+动词-ing形式:handwriting书法machine-building机器制造sun-bathing名词+及物动词+er/or:pain-killer止痛药形容词+名词:shorthand速记highway公路blackboard;blueprint及物动词+名词:breakfast早餐pickpocket扒手washboard;break-water(防水堤)动词-ing形式+名词:flying-fish飞鱼waiting-room候车室sleeping-pill安眠药writing-desk;looking-glass;swimming-pool;sleeping-pillsreadingroom,dinningroom副词+动词:outbreak爆发output输出downfall垮台input动词+副词:turn-off断开get-together联欢会;座谈会breakdown;die-hard(顽固分子)介词/副词+名词:afternoon午后outbreak;overcoat;by-product;underclothes;father-in-law;editor-in-chieflady-in-waitingwell-being福利;good-for-nothing无用之人;go-between中间人;touch-me-not凤仙花,含羞草(2)合成形容词形容词/数词+名词+-ed或者名词:kind-hearted,cold-blooded冷血的one-eyed独眼的,three-leggedleft-hand左撇子的first-rate;second-hand;bare-foot;spare-time;everydayopen-minded;white-haired;warm-heartedtwo-faced;four-cornered;名词+名词+-ed:potato-shaped马铃薯形状的brick-headed;iron-willed;名词/代词+动词过去分词:hand-made,self-educated,radio-equipped,man-made;snow-covered;peace-loving;self-teaching名词/代词+形容:color-blind色盲的snow-white;homesick;colour-blindsmell-blind,business-like商业化的;tax-deductible可免税的形容词/数词+动词过去分词:ready-made;形容词+动词-ing形式:good-looking相貌好看的easy-going脾气随和的;long-standing长期存在的副词+动词-ing形式:hard-working勤劳的;far-reaching意义深远的;long-lasting耐用的;ever-lasting副词+动词过去分词:well-informed;well-balanced身体,神志健全的副词+形容词:ever-greentrees常青树all-round;over-sensitive;形容词+形容词:light-blue浅蓝色的;red-hot赤热的;bitter-sweet又苦又甜的;African-Americanorigin非裔美国的动词+副词:see-throughpool透明的介词+名词:downhill下坡的uphill上山的facetoface;Out-and-out彻底的,不折不扣的;happy-go-lucky,doortodoorpenny-pinching小气的cut-throat凶狠的,拼命的Top-flight第一流的Right-wing右翼的second-tierplayer二档选手low-endsegment低端部门(3)合成动词副词+动词:ill-treat虐待undergo经历overhear(无意)e;uphold;ill-treat;underline;名词/代词+动词:water-ski滑水mass-produce大规模生产sleep-walk梦游sun