which和as的用法归纳及比较.doc

which和as的用法归纳及比较一、which引导名词从句的用法比较 which作为连接代词,可以引导名词从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语等语法成分。that在引导名词从句时,只起连接主句和从句的作用,其本身没有任何含义,不翻译。例如: (1)Whichisbetterdependsonthesetwoclothes’quality. (2)ThatTonycan’tswimisunbelievable. (3)Idon’tknowwhichIshouldchoose,becausetheredandtheyellowarebothbeautiful. (4)Ithinkthatyoucandoitbetter. 从例句中我们可以看到,which和that都可以引导主语从句和宾语从句,但是在(1)句和(3)句中which在从句中分别作了主语和宾语成分,而在(2)句和(4)句中that在从句中不作任何成分,只起到连接主句和从句的作用。二、which引导定语从句的用法比较 which作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,在从句中可以代替物作主语和宾语等语法成分。例如: (5)Thisisthebookwhich/thatIboughtlastweek. (6)Theclothes,whichareoverthere,seemtohaveagoodquality. 从(5)句和(6)句中我们可以看到which可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,并分别在句中作宾语和主语成分。一般情况下,that和which在引导定语从句中代替物时可以互用,但以下情况一般要用which:非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which;关系代词前如有介词、关系代词须用which,如把介词移至动词后,可用that(或省略);如果先行词是that,关系代词应用which;如先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔,常用which;在“those+复数形式的名词”结构中,其后的关系代词多用which;一个句子中如有两个定语从句,第一个定语从句用了关系代词that,第二个从句中的关系代词宜用which。但在平行结构中,应重复同一个关系代词。例如: (7)Shewasawardedagoldmedal,whichthewholefamilyconsideredagreathonor.(which引导非限制定语从句) (8)There’sonlyoneissueaboutwhichtheydisagree.(which前有介词about) (9)Thisisthepen(that)shewaslookingfor.(介词移至动词后) (10)Ihavethatwhichyougaveme.(先行词是that) (11)LarrytoldherthestoryoftheyoungairmanwhichInarratedatthebeginningofthisbook.(先行词和关系代词相隔) (12)Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.(those+复数形式的名词) (13)Thisisthebookthatyouboughtwhichyouhavelost.(两个定语从句中) (14)Ihaveahousewhichislocatedo