机床几何误差对在线测量精度的影响研究（可复制论文）.pdf

南京航空航天大学
硕士学位论文
机床几何误差对在线测量精度的影响研究
姓名:郑剑
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:机械电子工程
指导教师:叶文华
20080201
南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文
摘要

零件在线检测技术可以提高零件生产效率,已经在现代制造中得到越来越多的应
用。但由于数控机床在线测量环境复杂,误差影响因素多,较难获得满意的实际测量精
度,从而限制了其在我国制造检测过程中的广泛应用。
本文对加工中心在线检测系统的组成、工作原理、测头的测量原理进行了简要介绍,
对包括机床误差及测头误差在内的数控加工中心在线检测误差进行了深入分析,确定了
加工中心在线检测的主要误差。分析了数控机床的拓扑结构,并根据数控机床在线检测
系统的实际情况,用低序体阵列的方法对机床在线检测系统进行了描述。基于多体系统
动力学分析方法对机床误差进行了分析,将机床系统分成测头分支和工作台分支,分析
床身到测头和工作台之间的坐标变换关系,并建立变换矩阵和误差变换矩阵,最后建立
了数控加工中心在线检测误差模型。
在深入分析现有机床 21 项几何误差参数测量和辨识方法的基础上,针对二十二线、
十四线和九线误差参数测量和综合辨识方法中存在的问题,综合其优点,提出了新的改
进的九线法方法,并通过实验对这改进后的方法进行了验证。
最后,对论文的研究工作进行了总结并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。

关键词:数控机床,在线测量,机床误差,多体系统,误差参数辨识
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机床几何误差对在线测量精度的影响研究
ABSTRACT

On-line measuring can improve the productivity of the factory. So many factories put the
on-line measuring into use. But plexity of the measuring environment reduces
precision of the on-line measuring and limits the application in our country.
This paper introduces the principle of the measuring in the system of on-line measuring
and has a study on the total scheme of an on-line measuring system in NC machining centers,
and the main inspecting errors of the system. On analyzing the structure of machine tools, the
on-line measuring system has been described by lower body array. According to the error
analysis theory of multi-body system, measuring probe branching body and work table
branching body have been founded and transformation matrixes have been set up. Finally the
method to model the inspecting errors has been studied for the on-line measuring system.
Some analyses have been done on the extant methods for identifying the 21 terms
geometric error parameters for NC machine tools. Focusing the methods of 22 lines, 14 lines
and 9 lines which are now widely used, a deep study has been done on the improvement of 9
lines.
Finally, a summary of the research in this paper is concluded and some mendations
for the future research are proposed.

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