关头坝大桥应变监测系统研究.pdf

Researches on the Strain Monitoring System of
Guantouba Bridge



A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master




Candidate:Liu Kun

Supervisor:Associate-Prof. Wang Haiying




Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
摘要

关头坝大桥位于甘肃省境内,横跨白龙江,连接文县和碧口,于 1988 年竣工通车。
汶川地震后,甘肃省响应国家号召,要求进一步加强公路养护管理,对桥梁和涵洞要加
强监测、监控。因此,急切需要一套系统使桥梁管理人员能够实时地掌握桥梁的结构状
态,了解桥梁的运营条件。
本文根据关头坝大桥的具体结构形式和监测需求,结合其有限元分析结果,确定了
4 个监测断面与 56 个光纤光栅应变监测传感器的布设位置,组建了关头坝大桥光纤光
栅应变监测系统,系统运行稳定,对监测数据进行分析结果验证了系统的可靠性。针对
系统监测数据中因多支应变传感器共用一个温度传感器进行温度补偿引起的部分数据
跳变问题,设计开发了基于 DS18B20 单总线温度传感器的温度补偿系统。该温度补偿
系统可以自动识别各通道上的传感器数量,一次搜索后在主控制芯片中绘制各通道上所
有元件的 ROM 地址列表,之后自动对各通道的温度传感器进行温度数据的准确采集,
以完成对光纤光栅应变监测系统的可靠温度补偿。在 Proteus 平台上对温度补偿系统进
行了软硬件仿真,仿真结果证实,系统采集迅速,工作可靠。在上位机中,监测软件利
用精确的温度测量值为各应变传感器提供温度补偿,修正应变数据。
通过对关头坝大桥光纤光栅应变监测系统建立,可以使桥梁管理人员实时掌握桥梁
关键部件的应力应变情况,尽早发现桥梁结构出现的异常,为关头坝大桥的安全运营提
供可靠保障。本文的研究成果也可为其他同类桥梁应变监测系统的设计与安装提供借
鉴,具有一定的理论意义和工程实用价值。
关键词:桥梁应变; 光纤光栅; 温度补偿; 单总线








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ABSTRACT

The Guantouba Bridge is located in Gansu Province. It crosses the Pai-lung River and
connects Wenxian County with Bikou County. It was opened to traffic in 1988. After the
Wenchuan earthquake, responding to national call, it was demanded deeply management for
the road maintenance, and further monitoring and controlling for the bridges and culverts in
Gansu Province. Therefore, a system was urgently needed to make a bridge management
which can grasp the bridge’s structure and the operating conditions in real-time.
In this thesis, according to the specific structure and monitoring requirements of the
Guantouba Bridge, combined with the finite element analyzing results, 4 monitoring sections
and 56 fiber grating strain monitoring sensors were set up. And the Guantouba Bridge FBG
strain monitoring system has been formatted. The analyzing results of the monitoring data
verified the reliability of the system. It shows that the system is working stably. In