00015英语二(自考)-精.doc

00015英语二
重点语法(结合考题讲解)
综合英语(二)常考的语法为:名词单数变复数,定语从句,虚拟语气,反意疑问句,非谓语动词,时态,名词性从句,形容词副词的比较级,主谓一致,倒装等等。下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细的有重点的讲解。
名词
1. 大多数集体名词可作单数,也可作复数,如: army , audience , class , committee , crew ( 全体船员,乘务员) , crowd , faculty , family , government , group , orchestra , team , union 等。强调整体时谓语动词用单数,强调个体时谓语动词用复数。如: The government is paying close attention to economic development.
The government are having a heated discussion on this matter.
,却用作单数,如:electronics( 电子学) , mathematics( 数学) , optics( 光学) , politics , statistics( 统计学), economics (经济学), physics 等。例如:
Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.
3. 名词作定语时,除了man和woman要和中心词一起变成复数之外,其它修饰词不能变成复数。例如
a woman teacher ---- two women teachers
a man doctor ---- two men doctors
a girl student ---- five girl students
a boy student ----six boy students
4. 复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数。如: looker(s)-on , runner(s)-up ,
sister(s)-in-law , editor(s)-in-chief ,
passer(s)-by , grand-child(ren) ,
shoe lace(s) , blood type(s) 等。
5. 如果没有主体名词,就在最后一个词上加复数词尾。如:
go-between(s) , drawback(s), grown-ups
“Of+抽象名词”相当于形容词
Of interest----interesting
Of importance---important
Of value---valuable
Of necessity---necessary
Of possibility---possible
Of great importance--- greatly important/very important
Of no value---valueless
切记invaluable=priceless
这里主要讲一下不定代词some和any。通常some用于肯定句,any 用于疑问句和否定句。但在下列情况下例外:
(1)在表示请求、建议时,some及其派生词可以用于疑问句。如:
Would you like some coffee?
Can e and help me?
Could you lend me some books?
Why don’t you buy some flowers for her birthday?
注意“any +单数名词”和“any other +单数名词”的区别。现在用两个例子进行说明。
China is larger than any other country in Asia. (China belongs to Asia.)
China is larger than any country in Africa. (China does not belong to Africa.)
(2)any及其派生词用于肯定句时,起强调作用,意思是“任何的……”.如:
You e any day you like. 你哪天来都行
He is taller than any of the other boys in the class. (any of the other boys=any other boy)
形容词和副词
以下情况形容词常用于后置定语:
1) 一些表语性形容词要后置,如:present (到场的,出席的) , available , involved