词汇学 名词解释(张韵斐主编版).doc

名词解释
1,word:fundamental units of speech and hacing a mininum, free is a unity of sound and meaning,capable of performing a given syntactical function.
2,morpheme:the minimal meaningful unit of the english language,possesses both sound and morpheme is not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.
An allomorph(词素变体)is any of the various form of a morpheme.
3,freemorpheme:is one that can stand by itself as plete utterance.
4,bound morpheme:cannot exist on its own,mit must appear with at least one other morpheme.
5,roots and affixes:
a root is the basic unchangeable part of a word,and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.
Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme.
6,inflectional affixes and derivational affixes:
An inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality,tense,and parative or superlative does not form a new word with new lexical meaning when it is added to another word. inflectional affixes have only thier particular grammatical meaning.
derivational affixes are subdivided into prefixes and suffixes,which are used to related to the formation of new words.
7,free root and bound root:
Free root can stand alone as woeds and provide the language with a basis for the formation of new words.
Bound root cannot appear as woeds in modern Engli