英语词汇学7-2.ppt

:oppositenessofmeaning;?:good---bad,young---old,beautiful--ugly,light---"quality,state,orrelationship":beauty--ugliness,lightness--darkness,diligence--laziness,wisdomfoolishness,war--peace,amity--"time","positionanddirection"or"state":early--late,quickly--slowly,up--down,upstairs--downstairs,forwards--backwards,"feelings/emotion"or"action":tolove--tohate,tosupport--tooppose,togive--totake,towin--(a)GradableAntonyms(plementaryAntonyms(c)(a)ontrast,illustratedbysuchpairsasrichandpoor;heavyandlight;deepandshallow,--veryrich,richerrich—poor:well-to-do,well-off,moderately,fortablyoff,hardupbeautiful–ugly:pretty,good-looking,plainhotcoldNouns:fool,wiseman;verbs:tolove,tohate,adverbs:up,down;determiners:afew,manyalwaysneverMore/lessrelationwarmcooloftenseldomThemore/lessrelationisevidentinanumberofways:1))Theadjectivescanbemodifiedby‘intensifying’adverb,,extremelyhot(,"thedenialoftheitemsmeanstheassertionoftheotherorviceversa”.--dead,single--married,present--absent,male--female,perfect--imperfect,Johnisnotalive.(Heisdead.)Johnismarried.(Heisnotsingle.)-gradable;l Heisverydead(orveryalive),l :----Complementariescannotbemodifiedbyadverbstoconveythedegreeofitsintensity,parison.----complementariesadmitsnointermediatemembers,whereasincontraries,.*.(c)Co