词汇学-2.ppt

Chapter 2词的结构和词的构成方式
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Enlargement of vocabulary mainly depend on word formation.
Word Formation
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Classifications of word formation
Affixation
position
Blending
Backformation
Shortening
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Affixation
Definition:
The formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems, which is known as derivation.
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Affixation (cont’d)
Pre-fixation: not change word-class of the stem, but modify meaning
negative prefix: a-, dis-, in-, non-, un-
reversative prefix: de-, dis-, un-
prejorative prefix: mal-, mis-, pseudo-
prefix of degree or size: arch-, extra-, hyper-, macro-, micro-, mini-, over-, sub-, super-, ultra-
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Affixation (cont’d)
prefix of orientation & attitude: anti-, contra-, counter-, pro-
locative prefix: extra-, fore-, inter-, intra-, tele-, trans-
Prefixes of time & order: ex-, fore-, post-, pre-, re-
number prefix: bi-, multi-, poly-, mono-, semi-, tri-, uni-
miscellaneous prefix: auto-, neo-, pan-, vice-
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Affixation (cont’d)
Suffixation: have only a small semantic role, primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems (mainly word class).
noun suffix:
denominal nouns
deverbal nouns
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Conversion
Definition:
It is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.
Those words are new only in its grammatical sense. The most productive is between nouns and verbs.
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Conversion (cont’d)
Zero-derivation
Functional shift
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Conversion to noun
State (of mind or sensation)
Event or activity
Result of the action
Doer of the action
Tool or instrument
Place of the action
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