Externalities*©,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-’sactionsonthewell-beingofabystanderMarketfailureNegativeexternalityImpactonthebystanderisadversePositiveexternalityImpactonthebystanderisbeneficial*©,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-*©,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-&MarketInefficiencyWelfareeconomics:arecapDemandcurve–valuetoconsumersPricestheyarewillingtopaySupplycurve–costtosuppliersEquilibriumquantityandpriceEfficientMaximizessumofproducerandconsumersurplus*©,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-*©,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-(privatevalue)Supply(privatecost)Thedemandcurvereflectsthevaluetobuyers,,QMARKET,maximizesthetotalvaluetobuyersminusthetotalcostsofsell
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