赤红壤旱坡地玉米测土施肥技术研究土壤赤红壤玉米.doc

赤红壤旱坡地玉米测土施肥技术研究*
孙映波马曼庄黄庆张壮塔谢汝升陆立驹徐庭均
(广东省农科院土壤肥料研究所,广州 510640) (广东省新会市农业局,529100)
摘要用东莞桥头和广州石牌的大田试验数据,配制每造玉米N、P、K肥需求量的Stanford经验公式,由目标产量与特定地块的肥力算出玉米配方肥的N、P、K组分量。
关键词赤红壤;玉米;测土施肥;NPK配方肥
Study on Fertilizer Practice Basing on Latosolic Red Soil Test for Corn Grown in Dry Slope Land in Guangdong Province. Sun Yingbo, Ma Manzhuag, Huang Qing, Zhang Zhuangta and Xie Rusheng (Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640); Lu Liju and Xu Tingjun (Sihui Agricultural Bureau, Sihui, Guangdong 52910). Soil & Environ Sci, 1999, 8(2): 121~123
Through field experiments conducted in Guangzhou and Dongguan, Stanford experience equations were formed to calculate the total requirements of N, P2O5 and K2O by corn in one cropping season. Based on target yield and soil fertility of a specific plot, the constitutive quantities of N, P and K fertilizers for corn were maken out.
Key words latosolic red soil; corn; fertilization by soil test; NPK prescription
赤红壤是南亚热带丘陵地区的主要土壤类型,其中有相当一部分被开垦为旱坡地,用于种植果树和玉米等作物。玉米是高产作物,需肥量大,对肥料要素的反应较敏感,施肥技术对其产量有极大的影响。目前在广东省玉米栽培上还存在着盲目施用问题,这主要是沿用传统的施肥方法,偏施氮肥或进口复合肥,施肥量很大;其结果是,虽然增产,但不增收,而且使土壤性质恶化。
测土施肥技术是我国正在粮食作物上大力推广的合理施肥方法之一[1~2],浙江等地的玉米生产已对此技术进行了大面积试验[3],而广东赤红壤区尚没有开展玉米测土施肥研究。我们于1996~1998年利用Stanford测土施肥公式对广东赤红壤旱坡地玉米的N、P、K养分进行测土施肥研究,为合理施肥和提高肥料效益提供依据。
1 材料与方法
试验于广州石牌和东莞桥头春、秋玉米上进行。4个肥料处理为:NPK肥区、NP肥区、NK肥区、PK